Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/6749
Title
The presence of HIV-1 Tat protein second exon delays fas protein-mediated apoptosis in CD4+ T lymphocytes: a potential mechanism for persistent viral production
Author(s)
Lopez-Huertas, Maria Rosa ISCIII | Mateos, Elena ISCIII | Sanchez-Del Cojo, Maria ISCIII | Gómez-Esquer, Francisco | Díaz-Gil, Gema | Rodriguez‑Mora, Sara ISCIII | Lopez, Juan Antonio CNIC | Calvo, Enrique CNIC | López-Campos, Guillermo | Alcamí, José ISCIII | Coiras, Mayte ISCIII
Date issued
2013-03-15
Citation
J Biol Chem. 2013; 288(11):7626-44
Language
Inglés
Document type
journal article
Abstract
HIV-1 replication is efficiently controlled by the regulator protein Tat (101 amino acids) and codified by two exons, although the first exon (1-72 amino acids) is sufficient for this process. Tat can be released to the extracellular medium, acting as a soluble pro-apoptotic factor in neighboring cells. However, HIV-1-infected CD4(+) T lymphocytes show a higher resistance to apoptosis. We observed that the intracellular expression of Tat delayed FasL-mediated apoptosis in both peripheral blood lymphocytes and Jurkat cells, as it is an essential pathway to control T cell homeostasis during immune activation. Jurkat-Tat cells showed impairment in the activation of caspase-8, deficient release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and delayed activation of both caspase-9 and -3. This protection was due to a profound deregulation of proteins that stabilized the mitochondrial membrane integrity, such as heat shock proteins, prohibitin, or nucleophosmin, as well as to the up-regulation of NF-κB-dependent anti-apoptotic proteins, such as BCL2, c-FLIPS, XIAP, and C-IAP2. These effects were observed in Jurkat expressing full-length Tat (Jurkat-Tat101) but not in Jurkat expressing the first exon of Tat (Jurkat-Tat72), proving that the second exon, and particularly the NF-κB-related motif ESKKKVE, was necessary for Tat-mediated protection against FasL apoptosis. Accordingly, the protection exerted by Tat was independent of its function as a regulator of both viral transcription and elongation. Moreover, these data proved that HIV-1 could have developed strategies to delay FasL-mediated apoptosis in infected CD4(+) T lymphocytes through the expression of Tat, thus favoring the persistent replication of HIV-1 in infected T cells.
MESH
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes | Caspase 3 | Caspase 8 | Caspase 9 | Cytochromes c | Exons | HIV-1 | Humans | Jurkat Cells | Mitochondria | Mutagenesis, Site-Directed | NF-kappa B | Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis | Proteome | Proteomics | Transfection | fas Receptor | tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus | Apoptosis | Gene Expression Regulation
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DOI
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