Repisalud
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El repositorio digital Repisalud captura, almacena, indexa, preserva y distribuye materiales de investigación en formato digital.2024-03-19T01:22:15ZEffectiveness of the adapted bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against hospitalisation in individuals aged ≥ 60 years during the Omicron XBB lineage-predominant period: VEBIS SARI VE network, Europe, February to August, 2023
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18998
We conducted a multicentre hospital-based test-negative case-control study to measure the effectiveness of adapted bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron XBB lineage-predominant period in patients aged ≥ 60 years with severe acute respiratory infection from five countries in Europe. Bivalent vaccines provided short-term additional protection compared with those vaccinated > 6 months before the campaign: from 80% (95% CI: 50 to 94) for 14-89 days post-vaccination, 15% (95% CI: -12 to 35) at 90-179 days, and lower to no effect thereafter.
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZExposure to residential traffic and trajectories of unhealthy ageing: results from a nationally-representative cohort of older adults
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18997
Background: Traffic exposure has been associated with biomarkers of increased biological ageing, age-related chronic morbidities, and increased respiratory, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality. Whether it is associated with functional impairments and unhealthy ageing trajectories is unknown. Methods: Nationally representative population-based cohort with 3,126 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥60 years who contributed 8,291 biannual visits over a 10 year period. Unhealthy ageing was estimated with a deficit accumulation index (DAI) based on the number and severity of 52 health deficits, including 22 objectively-measured impairments in physical and cognitive functioning. Differences in DAI at each follow-up across quintiles of residential traffic density (RTD) at 50 and 100 meters, and closest distance to a petrol station, were estimated using flexible marginal structural models with inverse probability of censoring weights. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and time-varying lifestyle factors, social deprivation index at the census tract and residential exposure to natural spaces. Results: At baseline, the mean (SD) age and DAI score of the participants were 69.0 (6.6) years and 17.02 (11.0) %, and 54.0% were women. The median (IQR) RTD at 50 and 100 meters were 77 (31-467) and 509 (182-1802) vehicles/day, and the mean (SD) distance to the nearest petrol station of 962 (1317) meters. The average increase in DAI (95%CI) for participants in quintiles Q2-Q5 (vs Q1) of RTD at 50 meters was of 1.51 (0.50, 2.53), 0.98 (-0.05, 2.01), 2.20 (1.18, 3.21) and 1.98 (0.90, 3.05), respectively. Consistent findings were observed at 100 meters. By domains, most of the deficits accumulated with increased RTD were of a functional nature, although RTD at 50 meters was also associated with worse self-reported health, increased vitality problems and higher incidence of chronic morbidities. Living closer to a petrol station was associated with a higher incidence of functional impairments and chronic morbidities. Conclusions: Exposure to nearby residential traffic is associated with accelerated trajectories of unhealthy ageing. Diminishing traffic pollution should become a priority intervention for adding healthy years to life in the old age.
2024-02-01T00:00:00ZEpidemiology of reported cases of leptospirosis in the EU/EEA, 2010 to 2021
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18996
Background:Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Humans are infected by exposure to animal urine or urine-contaminated environments. Although disease incidence is lower in Europe compared with tropical regions, there have been reports of an increase in leptospirosis cases since the 2000s in some European countries. Aim: We aimed to describe the epidemiology of reported cases of leptospirosis in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) during 2010-2021 and to identify potential changes in epidemiological patterns. Methods: We ran a descriptive analysis of leptospirosis cases reported by EU/EEA countries to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control with disease during 2010-2021. We also analysed trends at EU/EEA and national level. Results: During 2010-2021, 23 countries reported 12,180 confirmed leptospirosis cases corresponding to a mean annual notification rate of 0.24 cases per 100,000 population. Five countries (France, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal and Romania) accounted for 79% of all reported cases. The highest notification rate was observed in Slovenia with 0.82 cases per 100,000 population. Overall, the notification rate increased by 5.0% per year from 2010 to 2021 (95% CI: 1.2-8.8%), although trends differed across countries. Conclusion: The notification rate of leptospirosis at EU/EEA level increased during 2010-2021 despite including the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated changes in population behaviours. Studies at (sub)national level would help broaden the understanding of differences at country-level and specificities in terms of exposure to Leptospira, as well as biases in diagnosis and reporting.
2024-02-01T00:00:00ZEffectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in HIV late presenters
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18995
Objectives: The efficacy of BIC/FTC/TAF in HIV late presenters initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) has not been sufficiently evaluated. Methods: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of BIC/FTC/TAF compared to other first-line antiretroviral regimens in treatment-naïve adult individuals from the CoRIS Cohort starting ART with CD4 counts <200 cells/mm3 and/or AIDS-defining conditions between January 1st 2019 and November 30th 2020. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between initial regimen and achievement of viral suppression (VS) (primary objective), defined as HIV RNA <50 cop/mL, and immunological recovery (IR) (secondary objective), defined as CD4 count >200 cells/mm3, at weeks 24 and 48 after initiation of ART. Results: We evaluated 314 individuals (84.7% men, median age 40 years). Of them, 158 initiated with BIC/FTC/TAF. At inclusion, 117 had an AIDS-defining condition. In multivariable analyses, individuals with AIDS-defining conditions initiating ART with BIC/FTC/TAF achieved higher rates of VS at 24 weeks than other regimens (aOR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.06-0.64) and, at 48 weeks, than DTG/ABC/3TC (aOR: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01-0.76) and DTG + TDF/3TC (aOR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.47-0.9). No other differences in VS or IR were observed. At 24 and 48 weeks after ART initiation, treatment discontinuations were lower with BIC/FTC/TAF than with other regimens (3.2% and 7.6% vs. 24.4% and 37.8%, respectively; P < 0.005). Conclusion: Our results suggest that BIC/FTC/TAF could be a preferred regimen as initial therapy in HIV late presenters because of its high effectiveness and good tolerability.
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZDynamics of the double burden of malnutrition in Guatemala: a secondary data analysis of the demographic and health surveys from 1998-2015
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18994
Objective: We estimated the prevalence and time trends of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in Guatemala and explored its occurrence based on socio-demographic factors. Study design: This was a secondary data analysis using information from four Demographic and Health Surveys covering the period 1998-2015. Methods: The unit of analysis was the household within which information was gathered from women 18-49 years and their children, 6-59 months. The main outcome was the prevalence of any DBM in the household (co-existence of undernutrition and overnutrition in a woman, her children or both). We estimated the prevalence of any DBM by survey and analysed time trends. Stepwise logistic regression was used to explore the occurrence of DBM and socio-demographic factors. Results: We analysed 39,749 households across all surveys. The prevalence of any DBM was 25.3% (95%CI: 22.1-28.7) in 1998-99, 23.8% (22.0-25.8) in 2002, 25.9% (24.3-27.5) in 2008-09 and 24.2% (22.9-25.5) in 2014-15, with no significant change over time (P = 0.782). Characteristics associated with lower odds of any DBM were rural residence, female-headed household, wealth and women's secondary education. Higher odds were seen for households with electricity, women >25y, indigenous and with >2 children. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that a quarter of Guatemala's households suffer from DBM, which has remained unchanged for 17 years. Interventions should prioritise urban areas, households of lower socio-economic status and those less educated. To increase awareness of policymakers of this pressing public health concern, further research on DBM could be strengthened by prospective study designs, integrating all household members and expanding the types of malnutrition.
2024-03-04T00:00:00ZCircadian rhythm disruption and retinal dysfunction: a bidirectional link in Alzheimer's disease?
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18993
Dysfunction in circadian rhythms is a common occurrence in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A predominant function of the retina is circadian synchronization, carrying information to the brain through the retinohypothalamic tract, which projects to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Notably, Alzheimer's disease hallmarks, including amyloid-β, are present in the retinas of Alzheimer's disease patients, followed/associated by structural and functional disturbances. However, the mechanistic link between circadian dysfunction and the pathological changes affecting the retina in Alzheimer's disease is not fully understood, although some studies point to the possibility that retinal dysfunction could be considered an early pathological process that directly modulates the circadian rhythm.
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZVigilancia centinela de Infección Respiratoria Aguda en Atención Primaria (IRAs) y en Hospitales (IRAG) Gripe, COVID-19 y VRS. Informe nº 173. Semana 10/2024 (del 4 de marzo al 10 de marzo del 2024).
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18992
La incidencia de gripe, COVID-19 y VRS en Atención Primaria y en hospitales continua en fase estable con fluctuaciones. Hasta el momento, en la temporada 2023-24 se ha experimentado una actividad de COVID-19 similar, y una epidemia de infección por VRS de menor intensidad, que en la temporada previa. En contraste la actividad gripal ha sido más alta que en las dos temporadas anteriores tanto en Atención Primaria como en hospitales. Entre las semanas 52/2023 y la 04/2024 se han identificado un exceso de 6116 defunciones por todas las causas.
2024-03-10T00:00:00ZVigilancia centinela de Infección Respiratoria Aguda en Atención Primaria (IRAs) y en Hospitales (IRAG) Gripe, COVID-19 y VRS. Informe nº 172. Semana 09/2024 (del 26 de febrero al 3 de marzo del 2024).
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18991
Persiste el descenso en la circulación de gripe en la comunidad y se observan fluctuaciones en la circulación de SARS-CoV-2 y VRS. La actividad de gripe, COVID-19 e infección por VRS disminuye o se mantiene estable tanto en Atención Primaria como en el ámbito hospitalario. Entre las semanas 52/2023 y la 04/2024 se han identificado un exceso de 6080 defunciones por todas las causas.
2024-03-03T00:00:00ZVigilancia centinela de Infección Respiratoria Aguda en Atención Primaria (IRAs) y en Hospitales (IRAG) Gripe, COVID-19 y VRS. Informe nº 171. Semana 08/2024 (del 19 de febrero al 25 de febrero del 2024)
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18990
Las tasas de infección respiratoria aguda se mantienen estables, con niveles menores en Atención Primaria y valores similares en hospitales que en las mismas semanas de la temporada previa. La circulación de gripe, SARSCoV-2 y VRS sigue en descenso en la comunidad y persiste la disminución de positividad a los tres virus entre los casos de IRAG. La actividad de gripe, COVID-19 y de infección por VRS disminuye en todos los ámbitos de atención sanitaria. Entre la semana 52/2023 y la 03/2024 se ha identificado un exceso de 6021 defunciones por todas las causas.
2024-02-25T00:00:00ZVigilancia centinela de Infección Respiratoria Aguda en Atención Primaria (IRAs) y en Hospitales (IRAG) Gripe, COVID-19 y VRS. Informe nº 170. Semana 07/2024 (del 12 de febrero al 18 de febrero del 2024).
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18989
Las tasas de infección respiratoria aguda se mantienen a la baja, con niveles menores en Atención Primaria y valores similares en hospitales que en las mismas semanas de la temporada previa. La circulación de gripe, SARSCoV-2 y VRS sigue en descenso en la comunidad y persiste la disminución de positividad a los tres virus entre los casos de IRAG. La actividad de gripe, COVID-19 y de infección por VRS disminuye en todos los ámbitos de atención sanitaria y en todos los grupos de edad. Entre la semana 52/2023 y la 03/2024 se ha identificado un exceso de 5895 defunciones por todas las causas.
2024-02-18T00:00:00ZVigilancia centinela de Infección Respiratoria Aguda en Atención Primaria (IRAs) y en Hospitales (IRAG) Gripe, COVID-19 y VRS. Informe nº 169. Semana 06/2024 (del 5 de febrero al 11 de febrero del 2024).
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18988
Las tasas de infección respiratoria aguda fluctúan con niveles menores en Atención Primaria y valores similares en hospitales, al igual que en las mismas semanas de la temporada previa. La circulación de gripe, SARSCoV-2 y VRS sigue en descenso en la comunidad y persiste la disminución de positividad a los tres virus entre los casos de IRAG. En la semana 06/2024, la incidencia de gripe regresa a valores basales señalando el final del periodo epidémico de esta onda estacional de gripe. Este descenso en la actividad gripal se observa también entre las formas graves de gripe en hospitales. La actividad de COVID-19 y de infección por VRS disminuye en todos los ámbitos de atención sanitaria y en todos los grupos de edad. Entre la semana 52/2023 y 03/2024 se ha identificado un exceso de 5672 defunciones por todas las causas.
2024-02-11T00:00:00ZVigilancia centinela de Infección Respiratoria Aguda en Atención Primaria (IRAs) y en Hospitales (IRAG) Gripe, COVID-19 y VRS. Informe nº 168. Semana 05/2024 (del 29 de enero al 4 de febrero del 2024.
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18987
Las infecciones respiratorias agudas continúan disminuyendo, tanto en Atención Primaria como en hospitales, asociadas a un descenso en la positividad a gripe, SARSCoV-2 y VRS en los casos de IRAs y de IRAG. En la semana 05/2024, se mantiene el descenso de la actividad gripal, de COVID-19 y de infección por VRS en todos los ámbitos de atención sanitaria y en todos los grupos de edad. Entre la 52/2023 y la 03/2024 se ha identificado un exceso de 5066 defunciones por todas las causas.
2024-02-04T00:00:00ZVigilancia centinela de Infección Respiratoria Aguda en Atención Primaria (IRAs) y en Hospitales (IRAG) Gripe, COVID-19 y VRS. Informe nº 167. Semana 04/2024 (del 22 de enero al 28 de enero del 2024)
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18986
Las infecciones respiratorias agudas continúan disminuyendo, tanto en Atención Primaria como en hospitales. También se observa un descenso en la positividad a gripe, SARSCoV-2 y VRS en los casos de IRAs y de IRAG en todos los ámbitos de la atención sanitaria. En la semana 04/2024, se mantiene el descenso de la actividad gripal en España y en todas las CCAA. La hospitalización por COVID-19 y por infección por VRS consolida su descenso en todos los grupos de edad.
2024-01-28T00:00:00ZVigilancia centinela de Infección Respiratoria Aguda en Atención Primaria (IRAs) y en Hospitales (IRAG) Gripe, COVID-19 y VRS. Informe nº 166. Semana 03/2024 (del 15 de enero al 21 de enero del 2024)
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18985
Las infecciones respiratorias agudas disminuyen en todo el territorio vigilado, tanto en Atención Primaria como en hospitales. También se observa un descenso en la positividad de las IRAs y de las IRAG a gripe, SARSCoV-2 y VRS en todos los ámbitos de la atención sanitaria. En la semana 03/2024, se mantiene el descenso continuado de actividad gripal en España y en todas las CCAA. Si se sigue un patrón estacional habitual, la incidencia de gripe estaría por debajo del valor basal en una o dos semanas.. La hospitalización por COVID-19 y por infección por VRS consolida su descenso en todos los grupos de edad.
2024-01-21T00:00:00ZSubthalamic stimulation has acute psychotropic effects and improves neuropsychiatric fluctuations in Parkinson's disease
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18984
Background: Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is a well-established treatment for motor complications in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, its effects on neuropsychiatric symptoms remain disputed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of STN-DBS on neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD. Methods: We retrospectively assessed 26 patients with PD who underwent a preoperative levodopa challenge and postoperative levodopa and stimulation challenges 1 year after STN-DBS. Based on the Neuropsychiatric Fluctuations Scale, Neuropsychiatric State Scores and Neuropsychiatric Fluctuation Indices (NFIs) were calculated. Mixed-effects models with random effects for intercept were used to examine the association of Neuropsychiatric State Score and NFI with the different assessment conditions. Results: In acute challenge conditions, there was an estimated increase of 15.9 points in the Neuropsychiatric State Score in stimulation ON conditions (95% CI 11.4 to 20.6, p<0.001) and 7.6 points in medication ON conditions (95% CI 3.3 to 11.9, p<0.001). Neuropsychiatric fluctuations induced by levodopa, quantified with NFI, decreased by 35.54% (95% CI 49.3 to 21.8, p<0.001) 1 year after STN-DBS. Conclusions: Bilateral STN-DBS at therapeutic parameters has acute psychotropic effects similar to levodopa and can modulate and decrease levodopa-induced neuropsychiatric fluctuations.
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZRelative vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalisation in persons aged ≥ 65 years: results from a VEBIS network, Europe, October 2021 to July 2023
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18983
To monitor relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) against COVID-19-related hospitalisation of the first, second and third COVID-19 booster (vs complete primary vaccination), we performed monthly Cox regression models using retrospective cohorts constructed from electronic health registries in eight European countries, October 2021-July 2023. Within 12 weeks of administration, each booster showed high rVE (≥ 70% for second and third boosters). However, as of July 2023, most of the relative benefit has waned, particularly in persons ≥ 80-years-old, while some protection remained in 65-79-year-olds.
2024-01-01T00:00:00Z