Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/10298
Title
Analysis of protein kinase C theta inhibitors for the control of HIV-1 replication in human CD4+ T cells reveals an effect on retrotranscription in addition to viral transcription
Author(s)
Bermejo, Mercedes ISCIII | Lopez-Huertas, Maria Rosa ISCIII | Hedgpeth, Joe | Mateos, Elena ISCIII | Rodriguez‑Mora, Sara ISCIII | Maleno, María José | Plana, Montserrat | Swindle, John | Alcamí, José ISCIII | Coiras, Mayte ISCIII
Date issued
2015-04-15
Citation
Biochem Pharmacol. 2015 Apr 15;94(4):241-56.
Language
Inglés
Document type
journal article
Abstract
HIV-1 infection cannot be cured due to reservoirs formed early after infection. Decreasing the massive CD4+ T cell activation that occurs at the beginning of the disease would delay reservoir seeding, providing a better prognosis for patients. CD4+ T cell activation is mediated by protein kinase C (PKC) theta (θ), which is involved in T-cell proliferation, as well as NF-κB, NF-AT, and AP-1 activation. We found that PKCθ activity increased viral replication, but also that HIV-1 induced higher activation of PKCθ in infected CD4+ T cells, creating a feedback loop. Therefore, specific inhibition of PKCθ activity could contribute to control HIV-1 replication. We tested the efficacy of seven PKCθ specific inhibitors to control HIV-1 replication in CD4+ T cells and selected two of the more potent and safer: CGX1079 and CGX0471. They reduced PKCθ phosphorylation at T538 and its translocation to the plasma membrane, which correlated with decreased HIV-1 retrotranscription through partial inhibition of SAMHD1 antiviral activity, rendering lower proviral integration. CGX1079 and CGX0471 also interfered with viral transcription, which would reduce the production of new virions, as well as the subsequent spread and infection of new targets that would increase the reservoir size. CGX1079 and CGX0471 did not completely abrogate T-cell functions such as proliferation and CD8-mediated release of IFN-γ in PBMCs from HIV-infected patients, thereby avoiding general immunosuppresion. Consequently, using PKCθ inhibitors as adjuvant of antiretroviral therapy in recently infected patients would decrease the pool of activated CD4+ T cells, thwarting proviral integration and reducing the reservoir size.
Subject
MESH
Anti-HIV Agents | CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes | Cell Membrane | Cell Proliferation | Cell Survival | HIV-1 | Humans | Isoenzymes | Jurkat Cells | Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins | Phosphorylation | Protein Kinase C | Protein Kinase C-theta | Protein Transport | SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1 | Transcription, Genetic | Virus Integration | Virus Internalization | Virus Replication | Retroelements
Online version
DOI
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