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dc.contributor.author | Sanchez-Diaz, German | |
dc.contributor.author | Escobar, Francisco | |
dc.contributor.author | Badland, Hannah | |
dc.contributor.author | Arias-Merino, Greta | |
dc.contributor.author | Posada De la Paz, Manuel | |
dc.contributor.author | Alonso-Ferreira, Veronica | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-01-15T15:55:55Z | |
dc.date.available | 2020-01-15T15:55:55Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2018 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Nov 11;15(11). pii: E2522. | es_ES |
dc.identifier.issn | 1660-4601 | es_ES |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/8901 | |
dc.description.abstract | The etiology of motor neuron disease (MND) is still unknown. The aims of this study were to: (1) analyze MND mortality at a fine-grained level; and (2) explore associations of MND and heavy metals released into Spanish river basins. MND deaths were extracted from the Spanish nationwide mortality registry (2007⁻2016). Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for MND were estimated at a municipal level. Sites that emitted quantities of heavy metals above the regulatory thresholds were obtained from the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register database (2007⁻2015). The relative risks for non-exposed and exposed municipalities (considering a downstream 20 km river section) by type of heavy metal were analyzed using a log-linear model. SMRs were significantly higher in central and northern municipalities. SMRs were 1.14 (1.10⁻1.17) higher in areas exposed to heavy metals than in non-exposed areas: 0.95 (0.92⁻0.96). Considering the different metals, we found the following increased MND death risks in exposed areas: 20.9% higher risk for lead, 20.0% for zinc, 16.7% for arsenic, 15.7% for chromium, 15.4% for cadmium, 12.7% for copper, and 12.4% for mercury. This study provides associations between MND death risk and heavy metals in exposed municipalities. Further studies investigating heavy metal exposure are needed to progress in MND understanding. | es_ES |
dc.description.sponsorship | This research was supported by the Spanish Strategy Action for Health (AESI), project no. TPY1238/15. GS enjoys a research grant funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (no. FPU14/03914). | es_ES |
dc.language.iso | eng | es_ES |
dc.publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) | es_ES |
dc.type.hasVersion | VoR | es_ES |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | * |
dc.subject | Environmental factors | es_ES |
dc.subject | Geographical analysis | es_ES |
dc.subject | Heavy metals | es_ES |
dc.subject | Motor neuron disease | es_ES |
dc.subject | Population-based mortality | es_ES |
dc.subject.mesh | Environmental Exposure | es_ES |
dc.subject.mesh | Humans | es_ES |
dc.subject.mesh | Metals, Heavy | es_ES |
dc.subject.mesh | Motor Neuron Disease | es_ES |
dc.subject.mesh | Risk Factors | es_ES |
dc.subject.mesh | Rivers | es_ES |
dc.subject.mesh | Spain | es_ES |
dc.subject.mesh | Water Pollutants, Chemical | es_ES |
dc.title | Geographic Analysis of Motor Neuron Disease Mortality and Heavy Metals Released to Rivers in Spain | es_ES |
dc.type | journal article | es_ES |
dc.rights.license | Atribución 4.0 Internacional | * |
dc.identifier.pubmedID | 30423874 | es_ES |
dc.format.volume | 15 | es_ES |
dc.format.number | 11 | es_ES |
dc.format.page | 2522 | es_ES |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3390/ijerph15112522 | es_ES |
dc.contributor.funder | Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España) | |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Sí | es_ES |
dc.identifier.e-issn | 1660-4601 | es_ES |
dc.relation.publisherversion | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112522 | es_ES |
dc.identifier.journal | International journal of environmental research and public health | es_ES |
dc.repisalud.centro | ISCIII::Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras | es_ES |
dc.repisalud.institucion | ISCIII | es_ES |
dc.relation.projectID | info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/FPU14/03914 | es_ES |
dc.rights.accessRights | open access | es_ES |