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dc.contributor.authorSanchez-Diaz, German 
dc.contributor.authorEscobar, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorBadland, Hannah
dc.contributor.authorArias-Merino, Greta 
dc.contributor.authorPosada De la Paz, Manuel 
dc.contributor.authorAlonso-Ferreira, Veronica 
dc.date.accessioned2020-01-15T15:55:55Z
dc.date.available2020-01-15T15:55:55Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.identifier.citationInt J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Nov 11;15(11). pii: E2522.es_ES
dc.identifier.issn1660-4601es_ES
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/8901
dc.description.abstractThe etiology of motor neuron disease (MND) is still unknown. The aims of this study were to: (1) analyze MND mortality at a fine-grained level; and (2) explore associations of MND and heavy metals released into Spanish river basins. MND deaths were extracted from the Spanish nationwide mortality registry (2007⁻2016). Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for MND were estimated at a municipal level. Sites that emitted quantities of heavy metals above the regulatory thresholds were obtained from the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register database (2007⁻2015). The relative risks for non-exposed and exposed municipalities (considering a downstream 20 km river section) by type of heavy metal were analyzed using a log-linear model. SMRs were significantly higher in central and northern municipalities. SMRs were 1.14 (1.10⁻1.17) higher in areas exposed to heavy metals than in non-exposed areas: 0.95 (0.92⁻0.96). Considering the different metals, we found the following increased MND death risks in exposed areas: 20.9% higher risk for lead, 20.0% for zinc, 16.7% for arsenic, 15.7% for chromium, 15.4% for cadmium, 12.7% for copper, and 12.4% for mercury. This study provides associations between MND death risk and heavy metals in exposed municipalities. Further studies investigating heavy metal exposure are needed to progress in MND understanding.es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was supported by the Spanish Strategy Action for Health (AESI), project no. TPY1238/15. GS enjoys a research grant funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (no. FPU14/03914).es_ES
dc.language.isoenges_ES
dc.publisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) es_ES
dc.type.hasVersionVoRes_ES
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectEnvironmental factorses_ES
dc.subjectGeographical analysises_ES
dc.subjectHeavy metalses_ES
dc.subjectMotor neuron diseasees_ES
dc.subjectPopulation-based mortalityes_ES
dc.subject.meshEnvironmental Exposure es_ES
dc.subject.meshHumans es_ES
dc.subject.meshMetals, Heavy es_ES
dc.subject.meshMotor Neuron Disease es_ES
dc.subject.meshRisk Factors es_ES
dc.subject.meshRivers es_ES
dc.subject.meshSpain es_ES
dc.subject.meshWater Pollutants, Chemical es_ES
dc.titleGeographic Analysis of Motor Neuron Disease Mortality and Heavy Metals Released to Rivers in Spaines_ES
dc.typejournal articlees_ES
dc.rights.licenseAtribución 4.0 Internacional*
dc.identifier.pubmedID30423874es_ES
dc.format.volume15es_ES
dc.format.number11es_ES
dc.format.page2522es_ES
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijerph15112522es_ES
dc.contributor.funderMinisterio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España) 
dc.description.peerreviewedes_ES
dc.identifier.e-issn1660-4601es_ES
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112522es_ES
dc.identifier.journalInternational journal of environmental research and public healthes_ES
dc.repisalud.centroISCIII::Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Rarases_ES
dc.repisalud.institucionISCIIIes_ES
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/FPU14/03914es_ES
dc.rights.accessRightsopen accesses_ES


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Atribución 4.0 Internacional
Este Item está sujeto a una licencia Creative Commons: Atribución 4.0 Internacional