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dc.contributor.authorAlten, Bulent
dc.contributor.authorMaia, Carla
dc.contributor.authorAfonso, Maria Odete
dc.contributor.authorCampino, Lenea
dc.contributor.authorJimenez, Maribel 
dc.contributor.authorGonzalez, Estela 
dc.contributor.authorMolina, Ricardo 
dc.contributor.authorBañuls, Anne Laure
dc.contributor.authorPrudhomme, Jorian
dc.contributor.authorVergnes, Baptiste
dc.contributor.authorToty, Celine
dc.contributor.authorCassan, Cécile
dc.contributor.authorRahola, Nil
dc.contributor.authorThierry, Magali
dc.contributor.authorSereno, Denis
dc.contributor.authorBongiorno, Gioia
dc.contributor.authorBianchi, Riccardo
dc.contributor.authorKhoury, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorTsirigotakis, Nikolaos
dc.contributor.authorDokianakis, Emmanouil
dc.contributor.authorAntoniou, Maria
dc.contributor.authorChristodoulou, Vasiliki
dc.contributor.authorMazeris, Apostolos
dc.contributor.authorKarakus, Mehmet
dc.contributor.authorOzbel, Yusuf
dc.contributor.authorArserim, Suha K
dc.contributor.authorErisoz Kasap, Ozge
dc.contributor.authorGunay, Filiz
dc.contributor.authorOguz, Gizem
dc.contributor.authorKaynas, Sinan
dc.contributor.authorTsertsvadze, Nikoloz
dc.contributor.authorTskhvaradze, Lamzira
dc.contributor.authorGiorgobiani, Ekaterina
dc.contributor.authorGramiccia, Marina
dc.contributor.authorVolf, Petr
dc.contributor.authorGradoni, Luigi
dc.date.accessioned2018-12-26T14:48:41Z
dc.date.available2018-12-26T14:48:41Z
dc.date.issued2016-02-22
dc.identifier.citationPLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Feb 22;10(2):e0004458es_ES
dc.identifier.issn1935-2735es_ES
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/6946
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: The recent geographical expansion of phlebotomine vectors of Leishmania infantum in the Mediterranean subregion has been attributed to ongoing climate changes. At these latitudes, the activity of sand flies is typically seasonal; because seasonal phenomena are also sensitive to general variations in climate, current phenological data sets can provide a baseline for continuing investigations on sand fly population dynamics that may impact on future scenarios of leishmaniasis transmission. With this aim, in 2011-2013 a consortium of partners from eight Mediterranean countries carried out entomological investigations in sites where L. infantum transmission was recently reported. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A common protocol for sand fly collection included monthly captures by CDC light traps, complemented by sticky traps in most of the sites. Collections were replicated for more than one season in order to reduce the effects of local weather events. In each site, the trapping effort was left unchanged throughout the survey to legitimate inter-seasonal comparisons. Data from 99,000 collected specimens were analyzed, resulting in the description of seasonal dynamics of 56,000 sand flies belonging to L. infantum vector species throughout a wide geographical area, namely P. perniciosus (Portugal, Spain and Italy), P. ariasi (France), P. neglectus (Greece), P. tobbi (Cyprus and Turkey), P. balcanicus and P. kandelakii (Georgia). Time of sand fly appearance/disappearance in collections differed between sites, and seasonal densities showed variations in each site. Significant correlations were found between latitude/mean annual temperature of sites and i) the first month of sand fly appearance, that ranged from early April to the first half of June; ii) the type of density trend, varying from a single peak in July/August to multiple peaks increasing in magnitude from May through September. A 3-modal trend, recorded for P. tobbi in Cyprus, represents a novel finding for a L. infantum vector. Adults ended the activity starting from mid September through November, without significant correlation with latitude/mean annual temperature of sites. The period of potential exposure to L.infantum in the Mediterranean subregion, as inferred by adult densities calculated from 3 years, 37 sites and 6 competent vector species, was associated to a regular bell-shaped density curve having a wide peak center encompassing the July-September period, and falling between early May to late October for more than 99% of values. Apparently no risk for leishmaniasis transmission took place from December through March in the years considered. We found a common pattern of nocturnal females activity, whose density peaked between 11 pm and 2 am. CONCLUSIONS: Despite annual variations, multiple collections performed over consecutive years provided homogeneous patterns of the potential behavior of leishmaniasis vectors in selected sites, which we propose may represent sentinel areas for future monitoring. In the investigated years, higher potential risk for L. infantum transmission in the Mediterranean was identified in the June-October period (97% relative vector density), however such risk was not equally distributed throughout the region, since density waves of adults occurred earlier and were more frequent in southern territories.es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was partially funded by EU grant FP7-261504 EDENext and is catalogued by the EDENext Steering Committee as EDENext376 (http://www.edenext.eu). The work of CM was done under the fellowship SFRH/BPD/44082/2008 from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Ministério da Educação e Ciência, Portugal. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.es_ES
dc.language.isoenges_ES
dc.publisherPublic Library of Science (PLOS) es_ES
dc.type.hasVersionVoRes_ES
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subject.meshAnimals es_ES
dc.subject.meshClimate es_ES
dc.subject.meshFemale es_ES
dc.subject.meshHumans es_ES
dc.subject.meshInsect Vectors es_ES
dc.subject.meshLeishmania infantum es_ES
dc.subject.meshLeishmaniasis es_ES
dc.subject.meshMale es_ES
dc.subject.meshMediterranean Region es_ES
dc.subject.meshPopulation Dynamics es_ES
dc.subject.meshPsychodidae es_ES
dc.subject.meshSeasons es_ES
dc.titleSeasonal Dynamics of Phlebotomine Sand Fly Species Proven Vectors of Mediterranean Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania infantumes_ES
dc.typejournal articlees_ES
dc.rights.licenseAtribución 4.0 Internacional*
dc.identifier.pubmedID26900688es_ES
dc.format.volume10es_ES
dc.format.number2es_ES
dc.format.pagee0004458es_ES
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pntd.0004458es_ES
dc.contributor.funderUnión Europea. Comisión Europea. 7 Programa Marco 
dc.description.peerreviewedes_ES
dc.identifier.e-issn1935-2735es_ES
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004458es_ES
dc.identifier.journalPLoS neglected tropical diseaseses_ES
dc.repisalud.centroISCIII::Centro Nacional de Microbiologíaes_ES
dc.repisalud.institucionISCIIIes_ES
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/261504/EUes_ES
dc.rights.accessRightsopen accesses_ES


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Atribución 4.0 Internacional
Este Item está sujeto a una licencia Creative Commons: Atribución 4.0 Internacional