Por favor, use este identificador para citar o enlazar este Item:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/19881
Título
Immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in cancer patients after COVID-19 vaccination during the Omicron wave: a prospective study
Autor(es)
Muñoz-Gómez, María José ISCIII | Ryan, Pablo | Quero-Delgado, Marta | Martin-Vicente, Maria ISCIII | Cuevas, Guillermo | Valencia, Jorge | Jiménez, Eva | Blanca-López, Natalia | Lara-Álvarez, Miguel Ángel | Hernández-Rivas, José Ángel | Redondo, Gerardo | Mas-Lloret, Vicente ISCIII | Sepulveda-Crespo, Daniel ISCIII | Vazquez-Alcaraz, Monica ISCIII | Torres-Macho, Juan | Martinez, Isidoro ISCIII | Resino, Salvador ISCIII
Fecha de publicación
2024-07
Cita
J Infect Public Health. 2024 Jul;17(7):102473.
Idioma
Inglés
Tipo de documento
research article
Resumen
Background: Cancer patients often have weakened immune systems, resulting in a lower response to vaccines, especially those receiving immunosuppressive oncological treatment (OT). We aimed to assess the impact of OT on the humoral and T-cell response to the B.1 lineage and Omicron variant following COVID-19 vaccination in patients with solid and hematological neoplasms. Methods: We conducted a prospective study on cancer patients, stratified into OT and non-OT groups, who received a two-dose series of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and a booster six months later. The outcomes measured were the humoral (anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG titers and ACE2-S interaction inhibition capacity) and cellular (SARS-CoV-2 S-specific T-cell spots per million PBMCs) responses against the B.1 lineage and Omicron variant. These responses were evaluated four weeks after the second dose (n = 98) and eight weeks after the booster dose (n = 71). Results: The humoral response after the second vaccine dose against the B.1 lineage and Omicron variant was significantly weaker in the OT group compared to the non-OT group (q-value<0.05). A booster dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine significantly improved the humoral response in the OT group, making it comparable to the non-OT group. The mRNA-1273 vaccine, designed for the original Wuhan strain, elicited a weaker humoral response against the Omicron variant compared to the B.1 lineage, regardless of oncological treatment or vaccine dose. In contrast, T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2, including the Omicron variant, were already present after the second vaccine dose and were not significantly affected by oncological treatments. Conclusions: Cancer patients, particularly those receiving immunosuppressive oncological treatments, should require booster doses and adapted COVID-19 vaccines for new SARS-CoV-2 variants like Omicron. Future studies should evaluate the durability of the immune response and the efficacy of individualized regimens.
Palabras clave
MESH
COVID-19 | COVID-19 Vaccines | Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus | SARS-CoV-2 | Neoplasms | Antibodies, Viral | Humans | Prospective Studies | Male | Female | Middle Aged | Aged | T-Lymphocytes | Immunization, Secondary | Vaccination | Adult | Immunity, Humoral | Immunoglobulin G | Immunocompromised Host | Immunity, Cellular
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