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dc.contributor.authorLópez, Mariana G
dc.contributor.authorChiner-Oms, Álvaro
dc.contributor.authorGarcía de Viedma, Darío
dc.contributor.authorRuiz-Rodriguez, Paula
dc.contributor.authorBracho, Maria Alma
dc.contributor.authorCancino-Muñoz, Irving
dc.contributor.authorD'Auria, Giuseppe
dc.contributor.authorde Marco, Griselda
dc.contributor.authorGarcía-González, Neris
dc.contributor.authorGoig, Galo Adrian
dc.contributor.authorGómez-Navarro, Inmaculada
dc.contributor.authorJiménez-Serrano, Santiago
dc.contributor.authorMartinez-Priego, Llúcia
dc.contributor.authorRuiz-Hueso, Paula
dc.contributor.authorRuiz-Roldán, Lidia
dc.contributor.authorTorres-Puente, Manuela
dc.contributor.authorAlberola, Juan
dc.contributor.authorAlbert, Eliseo
dc.contributor.authorAranzamendi Zaldumbide, Maitane
dc.contributor.authorBea-Escudero, María Pilar
dc.contributor.authorBoga, Jose Antonio
dc.contributor.authorBordoy, Antoni E
dc.contributor.authorCanut-Blasco, Andrés
dc.contributor.authorCarvajal, Ana
dc.contributor.authorCilla Eguiluz, Gustavo
dc.contributor.authorCordón Rodríguez, Maria Luz
dc.contributor.authorCosta-Alcalde, José J
dc.contributor.authorde Toro, María
dc.contributor.authorde Toro Peinado, Inmaculada
dc.contributor.authorDel Pozo, Jose Luis
dc.contributor.authorDuchêne, Sebastián
dc.contributor.authorFernández-Pinero, Jovita
dc.contributor.authorFuster Escrivá, Begoña
dc.contributor.authorGimeno Cardona, Concepción
dc.contributor.authorGonzález Galán, Verónica
dc.contributor.authorGonzalo Jiménez, Nieves
dc.contributor.authorHernáez Crespo, Silvia
dc.contributor.authorHerranz, Marta
dc.contributor.authorLepe, José Antonio
dc.contributor.authorLópez-Causapé, Carla
dc.contributor.authorLópez-Hontangas, José Luis
dc.contributor.authorMartín, Vicente
dc.contributor.authorMartró, Elisa
dc.contributor.authorMilagro Beamonte, Ana
dc.contributor.authorMontes Ros, Milagrosa
dc.contributor.authorMoreno-Muñoz, Rosario
dc.contributor.authorNavarro, David
dc.contributor.authorNavarro-Marí, José María
dc.contributor.authorNot, Anna
dc.contributor.authorOliver, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorPalop-Borrás, Begoña
dc.contributor.authorParra Grande, Mónica
dc.contributor.authorPedrosa-Corral, Irene
dc.contributor.authorPérez González, Maria Carmen
dc.contributor.authorPérez-Lago, Laura
dc.contributor.authorPérez-Ruiz, Mercedes
dc.contributor.authorPiñeiro Vázquez, Luis
dc.contributor.authorRabella, Nuria
dc.contributor.authorRezusta, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorRobles Fonseca, Lorena
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez-Villodres, Ángel
dc.contributor.authorSanbonmatsu-Gámez, Sara
dc.contributor.authorSicilia, Jon
dc.contributor.authorSoriano, Alex
dc.contributor.authorTirado Balaguer, María Dolores
dc.contributor.authorTorres, Ignacio
dc.contributor.authorTristancho, Alexander
dc.contributor.authorMarimón, José María
dc.contributor.authorCoscolla, Mireia
dc.contributor.authorGonzález-Candelas, Fernando
dc.contributor.authorComas, Iñaki
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-14T13:38:52Z
dc.date.available2022-11-14T13:38:52Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.citationNat Genet . 2021 Oct;53(10):1405-1414. doi: 10.1038/s41588-021-00936-6. Epub 2021 Sep 30.es_ES
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/15129
dc.description.abstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the world radically since 2020. Spain was one of the European countries with the highest incidence during the first wave. As a part of a consortium to monitor and study the evolution of the epidemic, we sequenced 2,170 samples, diagnosed mostly before lockdown measures. Here, we identified at least 500 introductions from multiple international sources and documented the early rise of two dominant Spanish epidemic clades (SECs), probably amplified by superspreading events. Both SECs were related closely to the initial Asian variants of SARS-CoV-2 and spread widely across Spain. We inferred a substantial reduction in the effective reproductive number of both SECs due to public-health interventions (Re < 1), also reflected in the replacement of SECs by a new variant over the summer of 2020. In summary, we reveal a notable difference in the initial genetic makeup of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain compared with other European countries and show evidence to support the effectiveness of lockdown measures in controlling virus spread, even for the most successful genetic variants.es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was mainly funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III project COV20/00140, with additional funding by Spanish National Research Council project CSIC-COV19-021, Ministerio de Ciencia project PID2019-104477RB-100, ERC StG 638553 and ERC CoG 101001038 to I.C., and BFU2017-89594R to F.G.C. M.C. is supported by Ramón y Cajal program from Ministerio de Ciencia and grants RTI2018- 094399-A-I00 and Generalitat Valenciana (Regional Government) project SEJI/2019/011. We gratefully acknowledge Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Lab and all the international researchers and institutions that submitted sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes to the GISAID’s EpiCov Database (Supplementary Table 1), as an important part of our analyses has been made possible by the sharing of their work. We also thank Unidad de Bioinformática y Estadística, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, for allowing us to use the Computer Cluster to perform some of the bioinformatic analysis.es_ES
dc.language.isoenges_ES
dc.publisherNature Publishing Group es_ES
dc.type.hasVersionVoRes_ES
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subject.meshModels, Statistical es_ES
dc.subject.meshCOVID-19es_ES
dc.subject.meshCommunicable Disease Control es_ES
dc.subject.meshHumans es_ES
dc.subject.meshIncidence es_ES
dc.subject.meshPhylogeny es_ES
dc.subject.meshPhysical Distancinges_ES
dc.subject.meshQuarantine es_ES
dc.subject.meshSARS-CoV-2es_ES
dc.subject.meshSeverity of Illness Index es_ES
dc.subject.meshSpain es_ES
dc.titleThe first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Spain was associated with early introductions and fast spread of a dominating genetic variant.es_ES
dc.typejournal articlees_ES
dc.rights.licenseAtribución 4.0 Internacional*
dc.identifier.pubmedID34594042es_ES
dc.format.volume53es_ES
dc.format.number10es_ES
dc.format.page1405-1414es_ES
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41588-021-00936-6es_ES
dc.contributor.funderInstituto de Salud Carlos III es_ES
dc.contributor.funderConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España) es_ES
dc.contributor.funderMinisterio de Ciencia (España) es_ES
dc.contributor.funderUnión Europea. Comisión Europea. European Research Council (ERC) es_ES
dc.contributor.funderGeneralitat Valenciana (España) es_ES
dc.description.peerreviewedes_ES
dc.identifier.e-issn1546-1718es_ES
dc.relation.publisherversionDOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00936-6es_ES
dc.identifier.journalNature geneticses_ES
dc.repisalud.orgCNICCNIC::Unidades técnicas::Unidad de Genómicaes_ES
dc.repisalud.institucionCNICes_ES
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/ERC/StG/638553es_ES
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/ERC/CoG/101001038es_ES
dc.rights.accessRightsopen accesses_ES
dc.relation.projectFECYTinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/COV20/00140es_ES
dc.relation.projectFECYTinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/CSIC-COV19-021es_ES
dc.relation.projectFECYTinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/PID2019-104477RB-100es_ES
dc.relation.projectFECYTinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/BFU2017-89594Res_ES
dc.relation.projectFECYTinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/RTI2018-094399-A-I00es_ES
dc.relation.projectFECYTinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/SEJI/2019/011es_ES


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Atribución 4.0 Internacional
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