Análisis Epidemiológico de las infecciones urinarias y la exposición a Fosfomicina durante el embarazo en madres de niños con y sin defectos congénitos: Distribución por años y por comunidades autónomas

Abstract

The objective of this study was to epidemiologically analyze urinary tract infections (UTI) suffered by pregnant women, and the prenatal exposure to Fosfomycin. To accomplish this objective, data from the Spanish Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECEMC) were analyzed for the period 1978-2009. A total of 40,060 newborn infants with congenital defects, and a similar number of healthy controls were registered. The proportions of mothers of cases and controls who suffered UTI during the first trimester were 2.69% and 2.56%, respectively. These figures go up to 9.94% and 8.86% when considering UTI at any time during pregnancy. The proportions of mothers who were treated with fosfomycin during the first trimester of pregnancy were 0.67% and 0.69%, respectively for cases and controls, and those figures go up to 2.69% y 2.54% when considering exposures at any time during pregnancy. Use of fosfomycin at any time during pregnancy has progressively increased with time. When studying the geographical distribution of the frequency some differences regarding UTI and use of fosfomycin were detected. The increase in use of fosfomycin has caused a decrease of the use of other antibiotics, and these trends are also observed in several autonomous regions in Spain. The use of fosfomycin during pregnancy seems to be safe, and suffering an UTI is quite common during pregnancy and somehow dangerous for the progress of gestation. It is important to underline that the percentage of mothers without treatment was between 20 and 35%. Therefore, it is advisable to treat UTI as soon as possible, in order to avoid complications both for the mother and fetus.