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Gonzalez-Barrio, David

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David

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Gonzalez-Barrio

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ISCIII

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ISCIII::Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM)

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Toxoplasmosis: estudio epidemiológico de hospitalización en España (2000-2021)
(Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). Centro Nacional de Epidemiología (CNE), 2023) Gonzalez-Viadero, Maria; Barba-Sánchez, Raquel; Gonzalez-Barrio, David; Fuentes Corripio, Isabel; Estevez-Reboredo, Rosa Maria
[ES] Introducción: La toxoplasmosis es una zoonosis de distribución mundial causada por Toxoplasma gondii. El ser humano actúa como huésped intermediario dentro de un ciclo multiespecie en el que los hospedadores definitivos son los félidos. La importancia de la infección humana se centra, principalmente, en personas inmunocomprometidas y en los casos congénitos (mujeres gestantes que han transmitido la enfermedad al feto). El objetivo fue describir la epidemiología de la hospitalización con diagnóstico toxoplasmosis en España durante el período 2000-2021.Método: Se plantea un análisis descriptivo de las hospitalizaciones en España con diagnóstico de toxoplasmosis entre los años 2000-2021, a partir de datos del Registro de Atención Sanitaria Especializada. Las variables analizadas fueron: sexo, edad y Comunidades y Ciudades Autónomas (CCAA).Resultados: durante el período 2000-2021 se produjeron 8.102 altas hospitalarias con diagnóstico toxoplasmosis, (tasa de hospitalización acumulada por 100.000 hab. TH=0,81). Esta TH ha ido disminuyendo a lo largo del período, pasando de 1,55 en 2000 hasta 0,48 en 2021. El número de ingresos fue mayor en hombres y en éstos, se ha ido produciendo un descenso más acusado. El grupo de edad con la mayor TH acumulada fue el de 35-39 años (TH=1,96). Las CCAA con mayores TH totales fueron, Ceuta, Melilla, Islas Baleares y Cataluña. Conclusiones: Las TH por toxoplasmosis han descendido progresivamente a lo largo del período 2000-2021. Este descenso es más acusado en hombres y se debe, sobre todo, a la disminución de la TH en el grupo de edad de 35-39 años. [EN] Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Humans are intermediate hosts within a multispecies cycle in which felids are definitive hosts. The importance of the human infection is restricted to immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women who can transmit the disease to the fetus. The purpose was to describe toxoplasmosis hospitalization epi-demiology in Spain during 2000-2021.Methods: A descriptive analysis of hospitalization in Spain with a diagnosis of toxoplasmosis from 2000 to 2021 was performed using data from the Specialized Health Care Registry (RAE-CMBD). The variables analyzed were sex, age and Autonomous Communities (CCAA).Results: During the period 2000-2021 there were 8,102 hospital admissions with a diagnosis of to-xoplasmosis (hospitalization rate HT = 0.81). This HT decreased throughout the period, from 1.55 (2000) to 0.48 in 2021. The number of admissions was higher in men and in these, there has been a steeper decline over the period. The age group with the highest accumulated HT was 35-39 years old (HT=1.96). The CCAA with the highest total HT were Ceuta, Melilla, Balearic Islands and Catalonia. Conclusions: HT toxoplasmosis have progressively decresed throughout 2000-2021. This decrease is more pronounced in men and is due, above all, to the decrease in HT in 35-39 age group.
Detection and Molecular Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in the Endangered Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus), Spain
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-01-22) Matas-Méndez, Pablo; Ávalos, Gabriel; Caballero-Gómez, Javier; Dashti, Alejandro; Castro-Scholten, Sabrina; Jiménez-Martín, Débora; Gonzalez-Barrio, David; Muñoz-de-Mier, Gemma J; Bailo-Barroso, Begoña; Cano-Terriza, David; Mateo, Marta; Nájera, Fernando; Xiao, Lihua; Köster, Pamela Carolina; García-Bocanegra, Ignacio; Carmena, David; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España); Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. NextGenerationEU; Alfonso X el Sabio University (España); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - CIBERINFEC (Enfermedades Infecciosas); Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España); Regional Government of Andalusia (España); Regional Government of Castile-La Mancha (España)
Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are the main non-viral causes of diarrhoea in humans and domestic animals globally. Comparatively, much less information is currently available in free-ranging carnivore species in general and in the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) in particular. Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis were investigated with molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) methods in individual faecal DNA samples of free-ranging and captive Iberian lynxes from the main population nuclei in Spain. Overall, Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis were detected in 2.4% (6/251) and 27.9% (70/251) of the animals examined, respectively. Positive animals to at least one of them were detected in each of the analysed population nuclei. The analysis of partial ssu rRNA gene sequences revealed the presence of rodent-adapted C. alticolis (n = 1) and C. occultus (n = 1), leporid-adapted C. cuniculus (n = 2), and zoonotic C. parvum (n = 2) within Cryptosporidium, and zoonotic assemblages A (n = 5) and B (n = 3) within G. duodenalis. Subgenotyping analyses allowed for the identification of genotype VaA19 in C. cuniculus (gp60 locus) and sub-assemblages AI and BIII/BIV in G. duodenalis (gdh, bg, and tpi loci). This study represents the first molecular description of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in the Iberian lynx in Spain. The presence of rodent/leporid-adapted Cryptosporidium species in the surveyed animals suggests spurious infections associated to the Iberian lynx's diet. The Iberian lynx seems a suitable host for zoonotic genetic variants of Cryptosporidium (C. parvum) and G. duodenalis (assemblages A and B), although the potential risk of human transmission is regarded as limited due to light parasite burdens and suspected low excretion of infective (oo)cysts to the environment by infected animals. More research should be conducted to ascertain the true impact of these protozoan parasites in the health status of the endangered Iberian lynx.
Evaluation of a Novel Commercial Real-Time PCR Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Entamoeba histolytica
(American Society for Microbiology (ASM), 2022-06-29) Dashti, Alejandro; Alonso, Henar; Escolar-Miñana, Cristina; Köster, Pamela Carolina; Bailo-Barroso, Begoña; Carmena, David; Gonzalez-Barrio, David; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Entamoeba histolytica are the most common diarrhea-causing protozoan species globally. Misdiagnosis is a concern for asymptomatic and chronic infections. Multiplexing, i.e., the detection of more than one parasite in a single test by real-time PCR, allows high diagnostic performance with favorable cost-effectiveness. We conducted a clinical evaluation of the VIASURE Cryptosporidium, Giardia, & E. histolytica real-time PCR assay (CerTest Biotec, San Mateo de Gállego, Spain) against a large panel (n = 358) of well-characterized DNA samples positive for Cryptosporidium spp. (n = 96), G. duodenalis (n = 115), E. histolytica (n = 25), and other parasitic species of the phyla Amoebozoa (n = 11), Apicomplexa (n = 14), Euglenozoa (n = 8), Heterokonta (n = 42), Metamonada (n = 37), Microsporidia (n = 4), and Nematoda (n = 6). DNA samples were obtained from clinical stool specimens or cultured isolates in a national reference center. Estimated sensitivity and specificity were 0.96 and 0.99 for Cryptosporidium spp., 0.94 and 1 for G. duodenalis, and 0.96 and 1 for E. histolytica, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were calculated as 1 and 0.98 for Cryptosporidium spp., 0.99 and 0.98 for G. duodenalis, and 1 and 0.99 for E. histolytica, respectively. The assay identified six Cryptosporidium species (Cryptosporidium hominis, Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium canis, Cryptosporidium felis, Cryptosporidium scrofarum, and Cryptosporidium ryanae) and four G. duodenalis assemblages (A, B, C, and F). The VIASURE assay provides rapid and accurate simultaneous detection and identification of the most commonly occurring species and genetic variants of diarrhea-causing parasitic protozoa in humans. IMPORTANCE Thorough independent assessment of the diagnostic performance of novel diagnostic assays is essential to ascertain their true usefulness and applicability in routine clinical practice. This is particularly true for commercially available kits based on multiplex real-time PCR aimed to detect and differentiate multiple pathogens in a single biological sample. In this study, we conducted a clinical evaluation of the VIASURE Cryptosporidium, Giardia, & E. histolytica real-time PCR assay (CerTest Biotec) for the detection and identification of the diarrhea-causing enteric protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. histolytica. A large panel of well-characterized DNA samples from clinical stool specimens or cultured isolates from a reference center was used for this purpose. The VIASURE assay demonstrated good performance for the routine testing of these pathogens in clinical microbiological laboratories.
Red deer reveal spatial risks of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection
(Wiley, 2022-07) Cuadrado-Matías, Raúl; Cardoso, Beatriz; Sas, Miriam A; García-Bocanegra, Ignacio; Schuster, Isolde; Gonzalez-Barrio, David; Reiche, Sven; Mertens, Marc; Cano-Terriza, David; Casades-Martí, Laia; Jiménez-Ruiz, Saúl; Martínez-Guijosa, Jordi; Fierro, Yolanda; Gómez-Guillamón, Félix; Gortázar, Christian; Acevedo, Pelayo; Groschup, Martin H; Ruiz-Fons, Francisco; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España); Regional Government of Castile-La Mancha (España); Unión Europea. Fondo Social Europeo (ESF/FSE); University of Castilla-La Mancha (España); Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal); Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) continues to cause new human cases in Iberia while its spatial distribution and ecological determinants remain unknown. The virus remains active in a silent tick-animal cycle to which animals contribute maintaining the tick populations and the virus itself. Wild ungulates, in particular red deer, are essential hosts for Hyalomma ticks in Iberia, which are the principal competent vector of CCHFV. Red deer could be an excellent model to understand the ecological determinants of CCHFV as well as to predict infection risks for humans because it is large, gregarious, abundant and the principal host for Hyalomma lusitanicum. We designed a cross-sectional study, analysed the presence of CCHFV antibodies in 1444 deer from 82 populations, and statistically modelled exposure risk with host and environmental predictors. The best-fitted statistical model was projected for peninsular Spain to map infection risks. Fifty out of 82 deer populations were seropositive, with individual population prevalence as high as 88%. The highest prevalence of exposure to CCHFV occurred in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Climate and ungulate abundance were the most influential predictors of the risk of exposure to the virus. The highest risk regions were those where H. lusitanicum is most abundant. Eight of the nine primary human cases occurred in or bordering these regions, demonstrating that the model predicts human infection risk accurately. A recent human case of CCHF occurred in northwestern Spain, a region that the model predicted as low risk, pointing out that it needs improvement to capture all determinants of the CCHFV infection risk. In this study, we have been able to identify the main ecological determinants of CCHFV, and we have also managed to create an accurate model to assess the risk of CCHFV infection.
Protist enteroparasites in wild boar (Sus scrofa ferus) and black Iberian pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) in southern Spain: a protective effect on hepatitis E acquisition?
(BioMed Central (BMC), 2020-06-03) Rivero-Juarez, Antonio; Dashti, Alejandro; López-López, Pedro; Risalde, Maria de Los Angeles; Machuca, Isabel; García-Bocanegra, Ignacio; Calero-Bernal, Rafael; Gonzalez-Barrio, David; Rivero, Antonio; Muadica, Aly Salimo; Köster, Pamela Carolina; Bailo-Barroso, Begoña; Hernandez-De-Mingo, Marta; Dacal, Elena; Saugar, Jose Maria; Briz, Veronica; Carmena, David; Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Several studies have independently evaluated the occurrence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and enteroparasites in swine, but no surveys have been conducted to jointly assess the prevalence and genetic diversity of enteroparasites in pigs and wild boars, their sympatric transmission between hosts, and their potential interaction with HEV. We prospectively collected serum and faecal samples from black Iberian domestic pigs and wild boars from southern Spain between 2015‒2016. We evaluated for HEV in serum and faeces, and for the presence of enteroparasites (Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., Blastocystis sp., Neobalantidium coli and Strongyloides spp.) in the same faecal samples. The prevalence of each intestinal parasite species was calculated. A total of 328 animals (56.7% black Iberian pigs and 43.3% wild boars) were included in the study. The overall global prevalence of HEV in serum was 16.8%. The overall global prevalence of each enteroparasite species was 19.5% for G. duodenalis, 8.2% for Cryptosporidium spp., 41.8% for Blastocystis sp., 31.4% for N. coli, and 8.8% for Strongyloides spp. HEV-infected animals showed a significantly lower prevalence of G. duodenalis (3.2 vs 20%; P = 0.002) and Blastocystis sp. (38.7 vs 80%; P < 0.001) than those uninfected by HEV. Animals carrying G. duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. infections showed a significantly lower rate of HEV infection than those not harbouring these enteroparasites (P < 0.001). Our study found a high prevalence of enteroparasites in black Iberian pigs and wild boars in southern Spain, suggesting a sympatric co-transmission of some of the species investigated. It is suggested that extracellular G. duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. might have a protective effect on HEV acquisition in swine.
Editorial: Anthropogenic wildlife movements and infectious diseases: Health and conservation perspectives
(Frontiers Media, 2023-03) Gonzalez-Barrio, David; Pruvot, Mathieu; Kock, Richard Anthony; Fernández Aguilar, Xavier
Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Mostly Asymptomatic Indigenous People from the Tapirapé Tribe, Brazilian Amazon.
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2021-02-14) Köster, Pamela Carolina; Malheiros, Antonio F; Shaw, Jeffrey J; Balasegaram, Sooria; Prendergast, Alexander; Lucaccioni, Héloïse; Moreira, Luciana Melhorança; Lemos, Larissa M S; Dashti, Alejandro; Bailo-Barroso, Begoña; Marcili, Arlei; Sousa Soares, Herbert; Gennari, Solange Maria; Calero-Bernal, Rafael; Gonzalez-Barrio, David; Carmena, David; São Paulo Research Foundation; National Health Foundation (FUNASA, Brazil); Mato Grosso State Research Support Foundation (FAPEMAT, Brazil); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
Little information is available on the occurrence and genetic variability of the diarrhoea-causing enteric protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis in indigenous communities in Brazil. This cross-sectional epidemiological survey describes the frequency, genotypes, and risk associations for this pathogen in Tapirapé people (Brazilian Amazon) at four sampling campaigns during 2008-2009. Microscopy was used as a screening test, and molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) assays targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA, the glutamate dehydrogenase, the beta-giardin, and the triosephosphate isomerase genes as confirmatory/genotyping methods. Associations between G. duodenalis and sociodemographic and clinical variables were investigated using Chi-squared test and univariable/multivariable logistic regression models. Overall, 574 individuals belonging to six tribes participated in the study, with G. duodenalis prevalence rates varying from 13.5-21.7%. The infection was positively linked to younger age and tribe. Infected children <15 years old reported more frequent gastrointestinal symptoms compared to adults. Assemblage B accounted for three out of four G. duodenalis infections and showed a high genetic diversity. No association between assemblage and age or occurrence of diarrhoea was demonstrated. These data indicate that the most likely source of infection was anthropic and that different pathways (e.g., drinking water) may be involved in the transmission of the parasite.
Editorial for the Special Issue: Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2022-01-24) Köster, Pamela Carolina; Gonzalez-Barrio, David; Carmena, David
Molecular Detection and Characterization of Intestinal and Blood Parasites in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Senegal
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2021-11-17) Köster, Pamela Carolina; Renelies-Hamilton, Justinn; Dotras, Laia; Llana, Manuel; Vinagre-Izquierdo, Celia; Prakas, Petras; Sneideris, Donatas; Dashti, Alejandro; Bailo-Barroso, Begoña; Lanza-Suarez, Marta; Jiménez-Mejías, Alejandra; Muñoz García, Carlota; Muadica, Aly Salimo; Gonzalez-Barrio, David; Rubio Muñoz, Jose Miguel; Fuentes Corripio, Isabel; Ponce-Gordo, Francisco; Calero-Bernal, Rafael; Carmena, David; Bailo-Barroso; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España); Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Wild chimpanzee populations in West Africa (Pan troglodytes verus) have dramatically decreased as a direct consequence of anthropogenic activities and infectious diseases. Little information is currently available on the epidemiology, pathogenic significance, and zoonotic potential of protist species in wild chimpanzees. This study investigates the occurrence and genetic diversity of intestinal and blood protists as well as filariae in faecal samples (n = 234) from wild chimpanzees in the Dindefelo Community Nature Reserve, Senegal. PCR-based results revealed the presence of intestinal potential pathogens (Sarcocystis spp.: 11.5%; Giardia duodenalis: 2.1%; Cryptosporidium hominis: 0.9%), protist of uncertain pathogenicity (Blastocystis sp.: 5.6%), and commensal species (Entamoeba dispar: 18.4%; Troglodytella abrassarti: 5.6%). Entamoeba histolytica, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Balantioides coli were undetected. Blood protists including Plasmodium malariae (0.4%), Trypanosoma brucei (1.3%), and Mansonella perstans (9.8%) were also identified. Sanger sequencing analyses revealed host-adapted genetic variants within Blastocystis, but other parasitic pathogens (C. hominis, P. malariae, T. brucei, M. perstans) have zoonotic potential, suggesting that cross-species transmission between wild chimpanzees and humans is possible in areas where both species overlap. Additionally, we explored potential interactions between intestinal/blood protist species and seasonality and climate variables. Chimpanzees seem to play a more complex role on the epidemiology of pathogenic and commensal protist and nematode species than initially anticipated.
Prevalence of Human Toxoplasmosis in Spain Throughout the Three Last Decades (1993-2023): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
(Springer, 2024-06-12) Miguel-Vicedo, Mariola; Cabello, Paula; Ortega-Navas, M Carmen; Gonzalez-Barrio, David; Fuentes Corripio, Isabel; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
Humans are infected by Toxoplasma gondii worldwide and its consequences may seriously affect an immune deprived population such as HIV and transplanted patients or pregnant women and foetuses. A deep knowledge of toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in Spain is needed in order to better shape health policies and educational programs. We present the results of the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the human prevalence for this disease in Spain. Databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Teseo) were searched for relevant studies that were published between January 1993 and December 2023 and all population-based cross-sectional and longitudinal studies reporting the human seroprevalence in Spain were revised. Within the population analysed, our targeted groups were immunocompetent population, pregnant women and immunocompromised patients. Among 572 studies and 35 doctoral theses retrieved, 15 studies and three doctoral theses were included in the meta-analysis. A random effects model was used for the meta-analyses due to the high heterogeneity found between studies (I2: 99.97), since it is a statistically conservative model, in addition to allowing better external validity. The global pooled seroprevalence was 32.3% (95% CI 28.7-36.2%). Most of the studies carried out were in pregnant women and the meta-analysis reported that the pooled seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Spain was 24.4% (24,737/85,703, 95% CI 21.2-28.0%), based on the random effects model. It is recommended to continue monitoring the seroprevalence status of T. gondii in order to obtain essential guidelines for the prevention and control of the infection in the population.