Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo (ENMT)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/19614

La Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo (ENMT-ISCIII), es el centro especializado para la formación en Medicina del Trabajo. Contribuye al fortalecimiento del sistema preventivo y la mejora de la salud de los trabajadores. Promueve el conocimiento de las causas de la enfermedad profesional y la relacionada con el trabajo a través de la formación especializada y continua.

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Pathological Processes of Content Creators on Social Media: A Scoping Review Protocol
(Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo (ENMT), 2025) Martínez-Aguirre, Sergio; Sanz-Valero, Javier; Ronda-Pérez, Elena
Background: Content creators (CC), like any other worker, are exposed to various occupational hazards that can affect their physical, mental, and social well-being, with psychosocial and ergonomic risks being particularly relevant. The combination of prolonged work hours, sedentary lifestyles, excessive public scrutiny, and often, job insecurity and unpredictability (manifesting as continuous connectivity and anticipation of sporadic tasks) presents a significant risk for the development of health issues. Objective: To review the scientific literature to identify the potential pathological processes of CC on social media. Method: The scope review method was used. The data were obtained from the following bibliographic databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library. The terms used as descriptors and in the title and abstract fields were “Content Creator” and “Pathologic Processes.” The search was conducted in May 2024. Agreement between authors for article selection was measured using Cohen's kappa coefficient. The documentary quality of the articles was assessed using the STROBE questionnaire, and the level of evidence and recommendation grade were determined according to SIGN recommendations. Bias presence was evaluated using the ROBINS-E tool.
BPMN-E2: a BPMN extension for an enhanced workflow description
(Springer, 2019) Ramos-Merino, Mateo; Santos-Gago, Juan M; Álvarez-Sabucedo, Luis M; Alonso-Roris, Víctor M; Sanz-Valero, Javier; Instituto de Salud Carlos III
This paper discusses a business process model and notation (BPMN) extension that includes new elements designed to improve its expressiveness. In previous works, different shortcomings concerning the BPMN language were detected. As a result, a set of requirements to overcome these issues was collected and used to guide this work. The proposed extension supports the representation of information commonly used by experts in the hazard analysis and critical control points domain, usually expressed in natural language, in a machine-understandable fashion. To take full advantage of the features introduced in this BPMN extension, tools such as ProM can be easily upgraded with appropriate plugins to support the new elements. In this line, an advanced conformance checking plugin was developed for process mining on BPMN models. A real-world example of use showing the benefits of applying the new elements is also discussed. This proposal paves the way for novel advanced analysis mechanisms for traceability systems.
Suitability of indexing terms in the MEDLINE bibliographic database on drug-related problems.
(Elsevier, 2023-11) Martínez-Aguilar, Laura; Sanz-Valero, Javier; Martínez-Martínez, Fernando; Faus, María J
Background: For years, there has been controversy about the meaning of medication-related problems (MRPs). This has led several authors to attempt to redefine and classify this term with the aim of using it correctly in the healthcare setting. So far without achieving the desired objective, resulting in erroneous results in the sources of information and thus in malpractice in the sector. Objective: To describe and analyze the appropriateness of the existing indexing of scientific publications in the MEDLINE bibliographical database with respect to drug-related problems (DRPs) and to determine whether the descriptors used fulfilled the function of suitably representing this concept. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted, using the following search terms: Medication Errors; Drug Interactions; Drug Overdose; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Contraindications, Drug. The sample size was calculated by estimating population parameters in an infinite population (expected value = 0.05; precision of interval = 0.05; level of confidence = 0.95) and the selection method was simple random sampling without replacement, taking the total number of bibliographical references in the database as the basis. The agreement of the indexing with DRPs was evaluated with the coefficient of determination (R2), and the Cohen kappa coefficient was used for the association between the definition of the descriptors and the objective of the article. Results: The 1930 records analyzed showed a total of 2888 different major topics. These major topics were present, with at least one of the five descriptors studied, in 482 (25.0%; 95% CI 23.0-27.0) documentary files, with statistically significant differences between the two phases analyzed (χ2 = 183.8; degrees of freedom (df) = 1; p < 0.001): 1st phase, 295 (13.3%; 95% CI 13.7-16.9) and 2nd phase, 187 (9.7%; 95% CI 8.4-11.0). Overall scientific output with the five descriptors showed a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9 (p < 0.001) and the relationship between the objective of the study and the definitions of the five descriptors was 0.9 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: There was a very good direct exponential trend of the overall scientific output retrieved with the terms associated with DRPs, although the progression of the five descriptors separately did not show a growth model conforming to expectations. There was a moderate agreement between the objective of the study and the definition of each of the five descriptors used and a low relationship between the objective of the study and the concept of DRPs used for this investigation. It is essential to have a descriptor that unifies the terminological diffusion that has existed up till now, since process (causes) and effects (outcomes) have been mixed together under the various definitions and classifications of DRPs found in the studies.
La búsqueda de información y su asociación con la producción científica: Obesidad, dieta y salud laboral
(Universidad de Granada (UGR) (España), 2024-09) Melián-Fleitas, Liliana; Franco Pérez, Álvaro Moisés; Sanz-Valero, Javier; Wanden-Berghe, Carmina
[ES] Introducción: Analizar la asociación entre la búsqueda de información sobre obesidad, dieta y seguridad y salud laboral a través de Google, y la producción científica sobre estas materias para conocer si el interés poblacional se relaciona con la actividad investigadora. Método: Los datos se obtuvieron de la consulta directa, online, a Google Trends (GT) con los términos obesidad, dieta y seguridad y salud laboral y en MEDLINE (vía PubMed), utilizando los Medical Subject Headings “Obesity”, “Diet, Food, and Nutrition” y “Occupational Health”. Las variables estudiadas fueron: volumen de búsqueda relativo (VBR), VBR mensual medio (VBRm), referencias (REF), volumen de referencias relativo (VRR) y Variabilidad. Resultados: Las tendencias obtenidas (VBRm) en GT fueron en los tres casos decrecientes: obesidad (R2 =0,33; p=0,009), dieta (R2=0,68; p<0,001); salud laboral (R2=0,41; p=0,002). Para los VRR obtenidos de MEDLINE fueron cre cientes para obesidad y dieta (R2=0,85; p<0,001 y R2=0,85; p<0,001); para salud laboral la tendencia fue no significa tiva (R2=0,03; p=0,509). La variabilidad obtenida para el VRR frente al VBRm (valor igual a 100) dio: obesidad -18,71, dieta -1,18 y salud laboral 63,65. Conclusiones: Se constató un interés creciente de la comunidad científica, medido por su producción, sobre obe sidad, dieta y salud laboral, mientras que el interés poblacional, sobre estos temas, fue decreciendo a lo largo del periodo estudiado, por lo que la relación producción científica versus búsquedas fue inversa. Por otro lado, se pudo observar un notorio desinterés, de la población e investigadores, en la importancia del lugar de trabajo como vector para la prevención y tratamiento de la obesidad. [EN] Introduction: Analyze the association between the search for information on obesity, diet, and occupational health and safety through Google, and scientific production on these topics to determine whether the population’s interest is related to the research activity. Method: Data were obtained from direct, online consultation of Google Trends (GT) with the terms obesity, diet and occupational health and safety and from MEDLINE (via PubMed), using the Medical Subject Headings “Obesity”, “Diet, Food, and Nutrition” and “Occupational Health”. The variables studied were: relative search volume (RSV), average monthly RSV (RSVa), references (REF), relative reference volume (RRV) and Variability. Results: The trends obtained (RSVa) in GT were decreasing in the three cases: obesity (R2=0.33; p=0.009), diet (R2=0.68; p<0.001); occupational health (R2=0.41; p=0,002). For the RRVs obtained from MEDLINE, were increasing for obesity and diet (R2=0.85; p<0.001 and R2=0.85; p<0.001); for occupational health the trend was non-significant (R2=0.03; p=0.509). The variability obtained for the RRV versus the RSVa (value equal to 100) gave: obesity -18.71, diet -1.18 and occupational health 63.65. Conclusions: There was a growing interest of the scientific community, measured by its production, in obesity, diet and occupational health, while the population’s interest in these topics was decreasing throughout the period stu died, so the relationship between scientific production and searches was inverse. On the other hand, it was possible to observe a notorious lack of interest, from the population and researchers, in the importance of the workplace as a vector for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
Análisis bibliométrico y temático de la producción científica sobre problemas relacionados con los medicamentos (PRM) indexada en la base de datos bibliográfica Scopus
(Universidad de Granada (UGR) (España), 2024-06-20) Martínez-Aguilar, Laura; Sanz-Lorente, María; Martínez-Martínez, Fernando; Faus, María J; Sanz-Valero, Javier
[ES] Objetivo: Analizar, mediante técnicas bibliométricas, la producción científica sobre problemas relacionados con los medicamentos (PRM) indexada en la base de datos bibliográfica Scopus. Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Los datos se obtuvieron de la base de datos Scopus, interrogando con el término “drug-related problem” los campos de registro de título, resumen y palabras clave; fecha final de búsqueda enero 2024. Resultados: Se obtuvieron total de 2992 referencias. La relación anual del número de publicaciones mostró un modelo de regresión lineal directo (R2 = 0,8; p < 0,001). La tipología documental más frecuente fue el artículo original con 2455 (82,1%) referencias, con índice de productividad de 3,4. Se identificaron trabajos publicados en 26 idiomas distintos, siendo el inglés la lengua predominante con 2607 (87,1%) trabajos. Existió correlación estadísticamente significativa entre los indicadores de impacto JCR y CiteScore (R = 0,7; p = 0,005). Se constataron un total de 40659 Palabras Clave (PC), media de 13,6 PC por documento. La PC más utilizada fue Human, usada 2411 (5,9%) veces. Conclusiones: Teniendo en cuenta todo lo mencionado previamente, se pudo concluir: Este estudio demostró que la investigación en el campo de los PRM han experimentado un crecimiento constante a lo largo de los años, aunque aún no ha alcanzado un crecimiento exponencial. El artículo original fue el tipo de documento más común en la producción científica. Se constató una clara influencia anglosajona, tanto en términos de idioma como de filiación institucional. Se evidenció la falta de uso de un lenguaje estandarizado. [EN] Introduction: To analyze, using bibliometric techniques, the scientific production on drug-related problem (DRP) indexed in the Scopus bibliographic database. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were obtained from the Scopus database, querying with the term “drug-related problem” in the registration fields of title, abstract and keywords; final search date January 2024. Results: A total of 2992 references were obtained. The annual relationship of the number of publications showed a direct linear regression model (R2 = 0.8; p < 0.001). The most frequent document type was the original article with 2455 (82.1%) references, with a productivity index of 3.4. Papers published in 26 different languages were identified, with English being the predominant language with 2607 (87.1%) papers. There was a statistically significant correlation between JCR and CiteScore impact indicators (R = 0.7, p = 0.005). A total of 40659 keywords (KW) were found, with an average of 13.6 KW per paper. The most used KW was Human, in 2411 (5.9%) times. Conclusions: Taking into account all previously mentioned, it could be concluded: This study showed that research in the field of DRPs has experienced a steady growth over the years, although it has not yet reached exponential growth. The original article was the most common type of document in scientific production. There was a clear Anglo-Saxon influence, both in terms of language and institutional affiliation. The lack of use of standardized language was evident.
La inteligencia artificial y la salud laboral
(Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo (ENMT), 2024-03) Martínez-Aguirre, Sergio; Sanz-Valero, Javier
Public interest in drug-related problems reflected in information search trends: an infodemiological study
(Springer, 2024-06-18) Martínez-Aguilar, Laura; Sanz-Lorente, María; Martínez-Martínez, Fernando; Faus, María J; Sanz-Valero, Javier; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España); Conferencia de Rectores de las Universidades Españolas; Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Background: The analysis of how people search and "navigate" the internet to obtain health-related information and how they communicate and share this information can provide valuable knowledge about the disease patterns behaviour and health habits of populations. Objective: To determine the population's interest in drug-related problems through information search trends. Method: A descriptive ecological correlational study, based on obtaining Google Trends data. Variables studied: relative search volume (RSV), evolution over time, milestones and seasonality. Results: The most searched topic was drug overdose, with mean RSV of 56.25 ± 0.65. The highest increase occurred in the contraindication topic (R2 = 0.87, p < 0.001). The main milestone was observed in the drug overdose topic in July 2018 (RSV = 100). A very close relationship was found between adverse drug reaction and contraindication (R = 0.89, p < 0.001). Slight seasonality was noted in the adverse drug reaction (augmented Dickey-Fuller test [ADF] = -1.96), contraindication (ADF = -2.66) and drug interaction (ADF = -1.67) topics, but did not show an epidemiological trend. Conclusions: The greatest public interest was found in the drug overdose and contraindication topics, which showed a stronger upward trend, although the seasonality study did not show any very notable data or demonstrate epidemiological information search behaviour. The main milestone observed was due to media factors related to the consumption of narcotics. There was a clear difference in English-speaking countries in the use of the drug overdose topic. A correlation between the adverse drug reaction and contraindication topics was confirmed.
Trends and seasonality of information searches, carried out through Google, on metabolic syndrome and occupational health: infodemiological study
(Universidad de Granada (UGR) (España), 2024) Palomo Llinares, Ruben; Sanchez Tormo, Julia; Wanden-Berghe, Carmina; Sanz-Valero, Javier
[EN] Objective: This study aimed to analyse and relate the population interest through information search trends, on Metabolic Syndrome (MS) with the Occupational Health (OH). Method: Ecological and correlational study of the Relative Search Volume (RSV) obtained from Google Trends query, segmented into 3 searched periods concerning antiquity; date of query: September 30, 2023. Results: The lowest mean of the RSV was for the MS Topic (2.23 ± 0.87), albeit there was a positive correlation in the RSV amid MS and OH (R = 0.56; p < 0.05). Association (p < 0.05) was observed between the 3 periods under study, except for the Hypertension and Central Obesity topics, but significantly lower in the current period for the MS and OH Topics. Moderate seasonality was found in the MS topic (KPSS = 0.14; p > 0.05), and significant differences were demonstrated in the information search between developed and undeveloped countries (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Through their information searches, the whole population showed to have a dearth of knowledge of MS than of its component diseases. A relationship was found between the information searches carried out on MS and OH. The study of information search trends may provide useful information on the population’s interest in the disease data, as well as would gradually allow the analysis of differences in popularity, or interest even between different countries. [ES] Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar y relacionar el interés de la población, a través de tendencias de búsqueda de información, sobre el Síndrome Metabólico (MS) con la Salud Laboral (OH). Método: Estudio ecológico y correlacional del Volumen Relativo de Búsqueda (RSV) obtenido de la consulta de Google Trends, segmentado en 3 períodos buscados relacionados con la antigüedad; fecha de consulta: 30 de septiembre de 2023. Resultados: La media más baja del RSV fue para el tema MS (2,23 ± 0,87), aunque hubo una correlación positiva en el RSV entre MS y OH (R = 0,56; p < 0,05). Se observó asociación (p < 0,05) entre los 3 períodos estudiados, excepto para los temas Hipertensión y Obesidad Central, pero significativamente menor en el período actual para los Temas MS y OH. Se encontró una estacionalidad moderada en el tema MS (KPSS = 0,14; p > 0,05), y se demostraron diferencias significativas en la búsqueda de información entre países desarrollados y no desarrollados (p > 0,05). Conclusiones: A través de sus búsquedas de información, toda la población demostró tener un menor conocimiento sobre la MS que sobre las enfermedades que la componen. Se encontró relación entre las búsquedas de información realizadas sobre MS y OH. El estudio de las tendencias de búsqueda de información puede proporcionar información útil sobre el interés de la población por los datos de enfermedades, así como permitiría gradualmente analizar diferencias en popularidad, o interés incluso entre distintos países.
Políticas alimentarias saludables y sostenibles para afrontar la crisis alimentaria
(Academia Española Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-12-13) Royo-Bordonada, Miguel Angel
Antibiotic Infographics Available on the Internet: Documentary Quality, Purpose, and Appropriateness as Educational Tools on Antimicrobial Resistance
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-02-24) López-Pintor, Elsa; Gómez-Ramos, Aitana; Sanz-Valero, Javier
Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to global health in the 21st century. In the age of the internet and social media, infographics may constitute an effective educational resource for transmitting complete messages about antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance and driving behavioural change. We aimed to evaluate the infographics on antibiotics available on the internet in terms of their documentary quality, purpose, and appropriateness as educational tools for explaining the strategic lines defined in the World Health Organization Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (GAP-AMR) and for conveying the One Health concept. We obtained the infographics for this cross-sectional study on 4 March 2021 by searching the terms "infographic" and "antibiotic" in Google Images. We verified infographic documentary quality by analysing the image, authorship, title, structure, date, and licence. To evaluate the purpose, we determined whether it coincided with one of the strategic objectives set out in the GAP-AMR. The degree of appropriateness depended on the type of key awareness message on antibiotic use. After obtaining these results, we performed a cross-sectional evaluation to determine how successfully these infographics conveyed the One Heath concept. We selected 247 infographics from 518 references. Of the included infographics, 97 (39%) were produced by public institutions; 58 (23%) read from left to right; 142 (57%) had an educational purpose; 156 (63%) focused on humans; 140 (57%) were subject to copyright; and 97 (39%) had no licence of any type. Almost one quarter (n = 57; 23%) included no key message on proper use of antibiotics. Infographics that included an author/promoter had a significantly higher mean number of messages that those without disclosure of authorship (1.67 vs. 0.50; p < 0.001). The infographics on antibiotics available on the internet are of moderate general quality. Most are produced by public institutions and have a clear and readable layout, but very few have a Creative Commons license to enable their reuse as informative material. The most common purpose is to improve awareness and understanding of antimicrobial resistance; few infographics focus on the remaining four strategic objectives of the GAP-AMR. It would be useful for authors of educational infographics on antibiotics to promote key messages related to antimicrobial resistance and the One Health concept, in accordance with the first objective of the WHO GAP-AMR.
Ethical justifications for the need for pandemic preparedness from sars to SARS-CoV-2: a scoping review
(European Publishing, 2023) Villa-Pizarro, Rocio; Royo-Bordonada, Miguel Angel; Garcia Lopez, Fernando Jose; Muñoz-Moreno, Maria Fe; Arnáiz Ibañez, María Pilar; Madueño Moreno, Natalia
Background and objective: The 21st century has seen numerous epidemics with pandemic potential, and during these years literature has been published urging competent authorities to prepare regions for a future pandemic. However, the crisis caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been devastating and marked by improvisation. We ask what part of this literature clarified the ethical justifications for choosing to prepare and what arguments were present in it. The objective of this overview review is to describe the ethical justifications for pandemic preparedness proposed in the period between 2004 and 2020. Methods: Any type of literature published between 2004 and 2019 in whose title or abstract the ethical justification for pandemic preparedness is described as the main topic was included. The sources of information searched were PubMed and Cochrane. The literature available in full text was examined for eligibility. Finally, data (curation) was extracted. Results: From an initial identification of 120 articles, 13 were finally included for analysis. That is, although some texts deal with the ethical obligation to be prepared for a pandemic, these are scarce and rarely develop this ethical justification beyond how this preparation should be fulfilled. Ethical guidance is even presented in an instrumental manner (as a way to improve citizen collaboration), without going into the discernment (principles, assumptions...) that underpins these moral proposals. Conclusion: The disparity between the insistences of the last 15 years before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the response capacity and preparedness that were available at the beginning of the crisis is an area for improvement in risk communication. Moreover further reflection on the ethical justifications could help authorities and society as a whole to focus their efforts, during this inter-pandemic period, on preparing for future pandemics. A need to involve the population in preparedness and to make decisions in a transparent manner was shown.
Bibliotecarias de enlace para las revisiones sistemáticas, realizadas por residentes en el Curso Superior de Medicina del Trabajo: protocolo de buenas prácticas
(2023-10-20) Jimenez-Planet, Virginia; Grifol Clar, Eulàlia; Cortes-Barragan, Rosana
[ES] Introducción: El Programa de Formación de los Residentes de Medicina del Trabajo se denomina “Curso Superior en Medicina del Trabajo (CUSMET)”. El alumnado recibe formación básica en la especialidad impartida por la Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo (ENMT) del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). Se trata de un programa ampliamente consolidado desde hace 16 años en el que participan alrededor de 60 alumnos. Los residentes realizan un trabajo de revisión sistemática de la literatura basada en la evidencia, en el que adquieren competencias en el diseño de estrategias de búsqueda avanzada y habilidades de lectura crítica. El CUSMET cuenta con bibliotecarias de enlace, especializadas en ciencias de la salud y expertas en búsquedas bibliográficas de revisiones sistemáticas para formar al alumnado. Objetivos: Analizar si la utilización de un protocolo de buenas prácticas realizado por las bibliotecarias de enlace y dirigido al alumnado en la tutorización de sus trabajos de revisión sistemática les ayuda a mejorar el diseño de sus estrategias búsqueda. Material y Método: Se ha realizado un análisis de las encuestas de valoración del alumnado sobre la participación de las bibliotecarias en la docencia y seguimiento de la fase de búsqueda de literatura científica en dos cursos consecutivos con y sin establecimiento del protocolo. Resultados: El protocolo está basado en 5 ítems que describen los procesos para la realización de las fases del diseño de la búsqueda bibliográfica correctamente. Las encuestas de evaluación del curso actual muestran en el apartado “Realizar búsquedas en la bibliografía o fondos documentales sobre conocimientos específicos del programa” un 4,7 la expectativa y un 4,5 el logro, lo que indica una mejor calidad en la docencia y tutorización recibida habiendo establecido un protocolo previo frente a los resultados del año anterior. Discusión-conclusiones: La participación de las bibliotecarias es necesaria para que los alumnos adquieran competencias en el diseño de las estrategias de búsqueda de forma eficiente. Tutorizar al alumnado con un protocolo consensuado por las bibliotecarias de enlace facilita la integración de todos los aspectos de las fases del diseño de búsqueda bibliográfica de sus trabajos con éxito. [EN] Introduction: The Occupational Medicine Resident Training Programme is called "Advanced Course in Occupational Medicine (CUSMET)". Students receive basic training in the specialty provided by the National School of Occupational Medicine (ENMT) of the Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII). This is a programme that has been widely consolidated for 16 years and in which around 60 students participate. Residents carry out a systematic review of the evidence-based literature, in which they acquire competencies in the design of advanced search strategies and critical reading skills. CUSMET has liaison librarians specialised in health sciences and experts in bibliographic searches of systematic reviews to train the students. Objectives: To analyse whether the use of a protocol of good practices carried out by the liaison librarians and aimed at students helps them to improve the design of their search strategies by tutoring their systematic review work. Material and Method: An analysis was made of the student evaluation surveys on the librarians’ participation in the teaching and monitoring of the scientific literature search phase. The analysis comprised two consecutive academic years with and without the establishment of the protocol. Results: The protocol is based on 5 items that describe the steps which grant a correct development of the literature search design phases. The evaluation surveys for the current academic year score 4.7 in the section "Conduct searches in the bibliography or documentary collections on specific knowledge of the programme" as the expectation and 4.5 as the achievement, which indicates a better quality in the teaching and tutoring received when established a protocol compared to the results of the previous year. Discussion-conclusions: The librarians’ participation is necessary for students to acquire competences in the design of efficient search strategies. Tutoring students with an agreed protocol facilitate integration of all aspects of the bibliographic search design phases of their work successfully.
Population Interest in Information on Obesity, Nutrition, and Occupational Health and Its Relationship with the Prevalence of Obesity: An Infodemiological Study
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-08-29) Melián-Fleitas, Liliana; Franco-Pérez, Álvaro; Sanz-Valero, Javier; Wanden-Berghe, Carmina
Objective: To identify and analyze population interest in obesity, nutrition, and occupational health and safety and its relationship with the worldwide prevalence of obesity through information search trends. Method: In this ecological study, data were obtained through online access to Google Trends using the topics "obesity", "nutrition", and "occupational health and safety". Obesity data were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) website for crude adult prevalence and estimates by region. The variables studied were relative search volume (RSV), temporal evolution, milestone, trend, and seasonality. The temporal evolution of the search trends was examined by regression analysis (R2). To assess the relationship between quantitative variables, the Spearman correlation coefficient (Rho) was used. Seasonality was verified using the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. Results: The RSV trends were as follows: obesity (R2 = 0.04, p = 0.004); nutrition (R2 = 0.42, p < 0.001); and occupational health and safety (R2 = 0.45, p < 0.001). The analysis of seasonality showed the absence of a temporal pattern (p < 0.05 for all terms). The associations between world obesity prevalence (WOP) and the different RSVs were as follows: WOP versus RSV obesity, Rho = -0.79, p = 0.003; WOP versus RSV nutrition, Rho = 0.57, p = 0.044; and WOP versus RSV occupational health and safety, Rho = -0.93, p = 0.001. Conclusions: Population interest in obesity continues to be a trend in countries with the highest prevalence, although there are clear signs popularity loss in favor of searches focused on possible solutions and treatments, with a notable increase in searches related to nutrition and diet. Despite the fact that most people spend a large part of their time in the workplace and that interventions including various strategies have been shown to be useful in combating overweight and obesity, there has been a decrease in the population's interest in information related to obesity in the workplace. This information can be used as a guide for public health approaches to obesity and its relationship to nutrition and a healthy diet, approaches that are of equal utility and applicability in occupational health.
Alfabetización para la salud del personal técnico en cuidados auxiliares de enfermería y del personal no sanitario perteneciente a la plantilla laboral de cuatro hospitales españoles
(Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo (ENMT), 2023) Cabanillas-Franco, Ana; Hernández-Blázquez, Alba; Mendoza-Aragón, Raquel; Suárez-Fernández, María Visctoria; Sanz-Valero, Javier
[ES] Objetivo: Estimar el grado de alfabetización para la salud (AS) de las técnicas en cuidados auxiliares de enfermería (TCAE) y del personal no sanitario perteneciente a la plantilla laboral de 4 hospitales españoles. Método: Estudio descriptivo-correlacional, siendo la población diana las TCAE a quienes se preguntó, mediante formulario online HLS-EU-Q16 (Health Literacy Survey - European Union), con escala Likert de 4 valores (de 1 muy fácil a 4 muy difícil). Resultados: Respondieron 477 profesionales. Los resultados para la AS global fueron: media 1,95 ± 0,03 y mediana 1,94. El nivel de alfabetización en salud (NAS) demostró AS suficiente en 293 (61,43%) individuos. La mediana sobre la AS de los 3 componentes del cuestionario fue: cuidado sanitario = 2, prevención de enfermedades = 2 y promoción de la salud = 1,75. El ítem sobre sobre la manera de abordar problemas de salud mental es el que presentó mayor dificultad con media de 2,45 ± 0,04 y mediana igual a 2. No hubo diferencias significativas entre TCAE y el personal no sanitario. Conclusiones: El grado de AS de las TCAE resultó ser bueno, tanto a nivel global como en las dimensiones de atención y cuidado sanitario, prevención de enfermedades y promoción de la salud. Asimismo, el nivel de alfabetización en salud que se obtuvo resultó ser suficiente en la mayoría de ellas. No se encontró diferencias con el personal no sanitario perteneciente a la plantilla laboral de 4 hospitales estudiados. [EN] Objetive: To estimate the degree of health literacy (HL) of nursing auxiliary care technicians (NACT) and non-health personnel belonging to the workforce of 4 Spanish hospitals.Method: A descriptive-correlational research, with NACT as target population. They were asked, using the online form HLS-EU-Q16 (Health Literacy Survey - European Union), with a Likert scale of 4 values (from 1 very easy to 4 very difficult).Results: 477 professionals answered the form. The results for global SA were: mean 1.95 ± 0.03 and median 1.94. The health literacy level (HLL) demonstrated sufficient HL in 293 (61.43%) individuals. The median on the HL for the 3 components of the questionnaire was: health care = 2, disease prevention = 2 and health promotion = 1.75. The item about how to deal with mental health problems showed the greatest difficulty with a mean of 2.45 ± 0.04 and a median equal to 2. There were no significant differences between NACT and non-health personnel. Conclusions: The HL grade of the NACTs turned out to be good, both globally and in the dimensions of attention and health care, disease prevention and health promotion. Likewise, the level of health literacy obtained turned out to be enough in most of them. No differences were found with the non-health personnel belonging to the workforce of the 4 hospitals researched.
Computer programs used in the field of hospital pharmacy for the management of dangerous drugs: systematic review of literature
(Frontiers Media, 2023-08) Climent-Ballester, Seira; García-Salom, Pedro; Sanz-Valero, Javier; Instituto de Investigación de Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (España)
Background: This review wants to highlight the importance of computer programs used to control the steps in the management of dangerous drugs. It must be taken into account that there are phases in the process of handling dangerous medicines in pharmacy services that pose a risk to the healthcare personnel who handle them. Objective: To review the scientific literature to determine what computer programs have been used in the field of hospital pharmacy for the management of dangerous drugs (HDs). Methods: The following electronic databases were searched from inception to July 30, 2021: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Medicine in Spanish (MEDES). The following terms were used in the search strategy: "Antineoplastic Agents," "Cytostatic Agents," "Hazardous Substances," "Medical Informatics Applications," "Mobile Applications," "Software," "Software Design," and "Pharmacy Service, Hospital." Results: A total of 104 studies were retrieved form the databases, and 18 additional studies were obtained by manually searching the reference lists of the included studies and by consulting experts. Once the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 26 studies were ultimately included in this review. Most of the applications described in the included studies were used for the management of antineoplastic drugs. The most commonly controlled stage was electronic prescription; 18 studies and 7 interventions carried out in the preparation stage focused on evaluating the accuracy of chemotherapy preparations. Conclusion: Antineoplastic electronic prescription software was the most widely implemented software at the hospital level. No software was found to control the entire HD process. Only one of the selected studies measured safety events in workers who handle HDs. Moreover, health personnel were found to be satisfied with the implementation of this type of technology for daily work with these medications. All studies reviewed herein considered patient safety as their final objective. However, none of the studies evaluated the risk of HD exposure among workers.
Occupational Health Applied Infodemiological Studies of Nutritional Diseases and Disorders: Scoping Review with Meta-Analysis
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-08-14) Palomo-Llinares, Ruben; Sánchez-Tormo, Julia; Wanden-Berghe, Carmina; Sanz-Valero, Javier
Objective: to identify and review existing infodemiological studies on nutritional disorders applied to occupational health and to analyse the effect of the intervention on body mass index (BMI) or alternatively body weight (BW). Methods: This study involved a critical analysis of articles retrieved from MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American, and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and Medicina en Español (MEDES) using the descriptors "Nutrition Disorders, "Occupational Health" and "Infodemiology", applying the filters "Humans" and "Adult: 19+ years". The search was conducted on 29 May 2021. Results: a total of 357 references were identified from the bibliographic database searches; after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 11 valid studies were obtained for the review. Interventions could be categorised into (1) interventions related to lifestyle, physical activity, and dietary changes through education programmes, (2) interventions associated with lifestyle, physical activity, and dietary changes through the use of telemonitoring systems or self-help applications, (3) interventions tied to lifestyle, physical activity, and dietary changes through control and/or social network support groups, and (4) interventions linked to changes in the work environment, including behavioural change training and work environment training tasks. The meta-analysis demonstrated that the heterogeneity present when analysing the results for BMI was 72% (p < 0.01), which decreased to 0% (p = 0.57) when analysing the outcomes for weight, in which case the null hypothesis of homogeneity could be accepted. In all instances, the final summary of the effect was on the decreasing side for both BMI and BW. Conclusions: Despite the high heterogeneity of the results reported, the trend shown in all cases indicates that the intervention methodologies implemented by empowering individuals through Web 2.0 technologies are positive in terms of the problem of overweight. Further implementation of novel strategies to support individuals is needed to overcome obesity, and, at least in the early studies, these strategies seem to be making the necessary change.
Occupational Health of Health-Care Workers with Overnutrition: Scoping Review with Meta-Analysis
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-07-31) Garibay-Lagos, Cynthia Sarah; Martos-Boira, Maria Isabel; Landeta-Iza, Elizabeth; Contreras-González, Giselle Beatriz; Wanden-Berghe, Carmina; Sanz-Valero, Javier
Objective: To review the scientific literature on the impact of interventions to enhance the occupational health of health-care workers with overnutrition. Methods: Scoping review with meta-analysis. Data were obtained by consulting the following bibliographic databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), and Medicina en Español (MEDES). The terms used as descriptors and as text in the title and abstract fields of the records were "health workers", "overnutrition", and "occupational health", using the filters "human", "adult": 19+ years", and "clinical trial". The search update date was January 2023. The documentary quality of the articles was evaluated using the CONSORT questionnaire and the presence of bias was assessed using the Rob 2.0 tool. Results: From the 611 digitally retrieved references, 17 clinical trials were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. CONSORT scores ranged from a minimum of 14.6% to a maximum of 91.7%, with a median of 68.8%. According to the SIGN criteria, this review provided "1" evidence with a grade B recommendation. Six different types of intervention were tested, grouped into strategies ranging from a single intervention to a combination of four interventions. The summary effect of the meta-analysis showed significant weight loss, but no association with reduced body mass index. Conclusions: While workplace interventions have been shown to be potentially effective, and strategies using different types of interventions have been proven to be useful in tackling overnutrition, an effective and sustainable solution for changing the behavior of health professionals to tackle overweight and obesity has yet to be identified.
Satisfacción laboral y calidad de vida de los médicos residentes españoles en los meses posteriores a la terminación del estado de alarma por la COVID-19 y al año de la misma
(Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo (ENMT), 2022) Muñoz-Cobo-Orosa, Beatriz; Pérez García, Markel; Rodriguez-Ledott, Mercedes; Varela-Serrano, Claudia; Sanz-Valero, Javier
[ES] Introducción: Describir y analizar la percepción existente acerca de la satisfacción laboral (SL) y la calidad de vida (CV) de los/las médicos/as residentes españoles/as en los meses posteriores a la terminación del estado de alarma por la COVID-19 y al año de la misma. Método: Estudio descriptivo-correlacional, siendo la población diana los/las residentes españoles/as a quienes se preguntó, mediante formulario online, en dos cortes (1º de 01/11 al 31/12 de 2020 y 2º entre 01/11 y 31/12 de 2021). Para la SL se utilizó el cuestionario Font-Roja y para la CV el WHOQOL-BREF (ambos mediante escala Likert de 5 valores). Resultados: Respondieron 404 residentes (1er corte) y 411 (2º corte). Los resultados para a SL global mostraron Rho = 0,09; p = 0,081, sin diferencias entre sus medias (-0,07; p = 0,090). La CV global, medida a través del cuestionario, indicó baja correlación entre ambos cortes (Rho = 0,10; p = 0,041), con diferencias entre sus medias (-0,14; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: En relación a la SL no se constató asociación entre los dos periodos estudiados. Respecto a la CV se evidenciaron mejores datos, en el 2º corte, tanto en la CV autopercibida como en el resultado global del cuestionario. [EN] Introduction: To describe and analyze the existing perception about job satisfaction (SL) and quality of life (QoL) of Spanish resident doctors in the months which follow the end of the state of alarm due to COVID-19 and one year after that. Method: A Descriptive-correlational study, being the Spanish residents the target population who was asked, using an online form, in two periods (1st from 11/01 to 12/31, 2020 and 2nd between 11/01 and 12/31, 2021). For SL, the Font-Roja questionnaire was used and for QoL, the WHOQOL-BREF (both using a 5-point Likert scale). Results: 404 residents responded (1st cut) and 411 (2nd cut). The results for the global SL showed Rho = 0.09; p = 0.081, without differences between their means (-0.07; p = 0.090). The global QoL, measured through the questionnaire, evinced a low correlation between both cut-offs (Rho = 0.10; p = 0.041), with variations between their means (-0.14; p < 0.001). Conclusions: In relation to SL, no association was revealed between the two periods studied. Regarding QoL, more positive data were found in the 2nd period, both in self-perceived QoL and in the global result of the questionnaire.
Interés poblacional, a través de las tendencias de búsqueda de información, sobre acoso laboral y sexual en España y su asociación con los datos de búsqueda mundiales
(Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo (ENMT), 2022-06) Rodríguez-Mencía, Melody Lorena; Hernández-Paz, Ana; Sanz-Lorente, María; Sanz-Valero, Javier
[ES] Introducción: Analizar y relacionar el interés poblacional, a través de las tendencias de búsqueda de información, sobre acoso laboral (AL) y sexual (AS) en España y su asociación con los datos de búsqueda mundiales. Método: Estudio ecológico, los datos se obtuvieron mediante acceso online a Google Trends, utilizándose los términos «acoso laboral» y «acoso sexual» como tema. Variables estudiadas: volumen de búsqueda relativo (VBR), hito, tendencia y estacionalidad. Fecha consulta 14/01/2022. Resultados: A nivel mundial, mediana del VBR para AL = 25 y para AS = 37 con tendencia para AL de R2 = 0,04 y AS de R2 = 0,43. Se observó un hito de VBR = 100 en noviembre de 2017 en AS. A nivel español mediana del VBR para AL = 21 y para AS = 8 con tendencia para AL de R2 = 0,38 y AS de R2 = 0,06, observándose un hito de VBR = 100 en febrero de 2005 en AL. Conclusiones: Si bien las tendencias sobre AL y AS presentaron una línea decreciente fue a partir de noviembre de 2017 cuando se observó un cambio de modelo en las búsquedas sobre AS. El movimiento MeToo fue el principal responsable de este cambio, siendo incluso el principal hito observado en la tendencia de AS a nivel español y, en mayor medida, a nivel mundial. [EN] Introduction: To analyze and correlate the populations interest, through search trends related to workplace harassment (AL) and sexual harassment (AS) in Spain and its relationship with global search data. Method: Ecological study, data was obtained through online access to Google Trends, using the terms “workplace harassment” and “sexual harassment” as the topic. Studied variables: Relative search volume (VBR), milestones, trend, and seasonality. Date of consult 01/14/2022. Results: At a global level, the median VBR for AL = 25 and for AS = 37 with a trend for AL of R2=0.04 and for AS of R2=0.43. A milestone VBR=100 for AS was observed on november 2017. Spain had a median VBR for AL=21 and for AS=8 with a trend for AL of R2=0.38 and for AS of R2=0.06. A milestone VBR=100 for AL was observed on February 2005. Conclusions: Even though the search trends for AS and AL showed an overall decline, it was on November 2017 that a shift in search models related to AS was detected. The MeToo movement was the main reason for this change, even becoming the main milestone observed when analyzing trends for AS in Spain and, on an even larger scale, at a global level.
Silicosis en trabajadores expuestos a conglomerados de cuarzo
(Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo (ENMT), 2022-03) Rattia-Rivas, Cesar Enrique; Martinez-Aguirre, Sergio; Affinito, Marianna; Lonighi, Sherry Sue; Maqueda-Blasco, Jeronimo
[ES] Introducción: la silicosis, enfermedad crónica, causada por la inhalación de polvo de sílice cristalina, sigue siendo un problema de salud laboral vigente. El objetivo de la investigación consistió en estimar el riesgo de silicosis complicada y/o acelerada en trabajadores expuestos a polvo de sílice de conglomerados de cuarzo frente al riesgo de los trabajadores expuestos a roca ornamental. Método: se desarrolló un estudio analítico de casos y controles prevalentes en trabajadores cuya vigilancia de la salud se realizó en el instituto Nacional de Silicosis (España), entre el 1 de enero de 2008 y el 31 de diciembre de 2018 (N = 90). El valor de la significación de todos los contrastes de hipótesis realizados fue α = 0,05. Resultados: se determinó mayor riesgo de silicosis complicada en los trabajadores expuestos a polvo de sílice proveniente del uso de conglomerados de cuarzo mediante el cálculo de Chi cuadrado, con un total de 7 casos (46,67%) de silicosis complicada (p = 0,046). Conclusiones: existe mayor riesgo de silicosis complicada en los trabajadores expuestos a polvo de sílice proveniente del uso de conglomerados de cuarzo frente a los expuestos a polvo de sílice de roca ornamental. No se observó relación entre el riesgo de desarrollar silicosis acelerada y la exposición a conglomerados de cuarzo en la muestra analizada. [EN] Introduction: silicosis, a chronic disease caused by the inhalation of crystalline silica dust, continues to be a current occupational health problem. The objective of the research was to estimate the risk of complicated and/or accelerated silicosis in workers exposed to silica dust from quartz conglomerates compared to the risk of workers exposed to ornamental rock. Method: an analytical study of cases and controls prevalent in workers whose health surveillance was carried out at the National Institute of Silicosis (Spain), between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2018 was developed (N = 90). The significance value of all the hypotheses tests performed was α = 0.05. Results: a higher risk of complicated silicosis was determined in workers exposed to silica dust from the use of quartz conglomerates by calculating Chi square, with a total of 7 cases (46.67%) of complicated silicosis (p = 0.046). Conclusions: there is a higher risk of complicated silicosis in workers exposed to silica dust from the use of quartz conglomerates compared to those exposed to silica dust from ornamental rock. No relationship was observed between the risk of developing accelerated silicosis and exposure to quartz conglomerates in the analyzed sample.

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