Síndrome de Smith-Lemli-Opitz

Abstract

The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation pattern caused by an inborn error of cholesterol metabolism. Deficient cholesterol synthesis is caused by inherited mutations of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase gene, that catalyzes the final step of the pathway: the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol. To date, more than 125 different mutations have been identified and more than 750 patients have been reported with an extremely broad clinical spectrum. This paper describes two patients with a neonatal diagnosis and reviews the syndrome with special insights into genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prenatal included, and treatment