El techo de cristal de las mujeres investigadoras en ciencias de la salud en España

Abstract

[ES] El efecto del techo de cristal explica las barreras invisibles que afectan a la promoción laboral de las mujeres, asociadas a desigualdades de género. El objetivo del presente estudio cualitativo fue identificar las desigualdades en la promoción de las mujeres en la carrera académica e investigadora en el ámbito de la biomedicina en España. Se realizaron 22 entrevistas individuales a mujeres investigadoras en biomedicina en puestos de liderazgo en 2018 en Madrid. Las transcripciones se importaron al software informático Open Code y se analizaron de acuerdo con el método del análisis del discurso. Se identificaron 3 categorías: Reafirmación de la existencia del techo de cristal, Las barreras para la promoción de las mujeres y Necesidades para romper el Techo de cristal. Los resultados indicaron que las mujeres investigadoras sintieron seguir enfrentándose a dificultades adicionales a las de los hombres para progresar en sus carreras profesionales. Entre ellas, destacan la falta de corresponsabilidad en los hogares entre hombres y mujeres, debido a la asunción del rol tradicional de cuidadoras, y la falta de apoyo y medidas efectivas en las instituciones que favorezcan la conciliación, pese a que la legislación requiere que el sector público tome medidas proactivas para ello. Para romper el techo de cristal en las carreras de las mujeres investigadoras en biomedicina es necesario distribuir equitativamente el tiempo dedicado al ámbito laboral y personal de mujeres y hombres, y que las políticas de igualdad de género se implementen de manera efectiva, no sólo limitándose a establecer recomendaciones, sino concretarse mediante acciones y sancionando los incumplimientos. | The glass ceiling effect explains the invisible barriers that affect the promotion of women, associated with gender inequalities. The aim of this qualitative study was to identify inequalities in the promotion of women in academic and research careers in the field of biomedicine in Spain. Twenty-two individual interviews were conducted with female biomedical researchers in leadership positions in 2018 in Madrid. The transcripts were imported into Open Code software and analysed according to the discourse analysis method. Three categories were identified: Reaffirmation of the existence of the glass ceiling, Barriers to women’s promotion, and Needs to break the glass ceiling. The results indicated that women researchers felt that they continued to face additional difficulties to those of men in advancing in their careers. These include the lack of co-responsibility in households between men and women, due to the traditional women’s role as caregivers, and the lack of support and effective institutional measures that favor work-life balance. Legislation requires the public sector to take proactive measures to this end. In order to break the glass ceiling in the careers of women researchers in biomedicine, it is necessary that women’s and men’s working and personal time is equally distributed, and that gender equality policies are effectively implemented, not just recommendations, but actions and sanctions for non-compliance. [EN] The glass ceiling effect explains the invisible barriers that affect the promotion of women, associated with gender inequalities. The aim of this qualitative study was to identify inequalities in the promotion of women in academic and research careers in the field of biomedicine in Spain. Twenty-two individual interviews were conducted with female biomedical researchers in leadership positions in 2018 in Madrid. The transcripts were imported into Open Code software and analysed according to the discourse analysis method. Three categories were identified: Reaffirmation of the existence of the glass ceiling, Barriers to women’s promotion, and Needs to break the glass ceiling. The results indicated that women researchers felt that they continued to face additional difficulties to those of men in advancing in their careers. These include the lack of co-responsibility in households between men and women, due to the traditional women’s role as caregivers, and the lack of support and effective institutional measures that favor work-life balance. Legislation requires the public sector to take proactive measures to this end. In order to break the glass ceiling in the careers of women researchers in biomedicine, it is necessary that women’s and men’s working and personal time is equally distributed, and that gender equality policies are effectively implemented, not just recommendations, but actions and sanctions for non-compliance.