Anomalía de Duane: Descripción y Guía Anticipatoria

Abstract

Duane anomaly is a congenital form of strabismus clinically characterized by a non-progressive ophthalmoplegia that hinds the ability to move the affected eyes horizontally outward and/or inward. Furthermore, the ocular globe retracts into the orbit, and the palpebral fissure narrows when adduction is attemped. This anomaly is caused by a primary disturbance in the developement of the III, IV and VI cranial nerves that leads to an aberrant inervation of the extraocular muscles. The frequence of this anomaly in the general population accounts for 0.1%, and represents around 1-5% of the cases with congenital strabismus. Duane anomaly can be isolated or associated with other congenital anomalies as a part of several syndromes. Most cases are sporadic but some patterns with dominant autosomal inheritance have been reported. The diagnosis of Duane anomaly is not easy in newborns, and patients with congenital strabismus must be followed up to make the diagnosis. In this article we describe the clinical characteristics of the Duane anomaly and we provide an anticipatory guidance that may be useful in clinical practice.