Browsing by MeSH term "Movement"
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Publication Endocannabinoid regulation of acute and protracted nicotine withdrawal: effect of FAAH inhibition.(Public Library of Science (PLOS), 2011-11-30) Cippitelli, Andrea; Astarita, Giuseppe; Duranti, Andrea; Caprioli, Giovanni; Ubaldi, Massimo; Stopponi, Serena; Kallupi, Marsida; Sagratini, Gianni; Rodríguez de Fonseca, Fernando; Piomelli, Daniele; Ciccocioppo, Roberto; [Cippitelli,A; Ubaldi,M; Stopponi,S; Kallupi,M; Ciccocioppo,R] School of Pharmacy,Pharmacology Unit,University of Camerino,Camerino,Italy. [Astarita,G; Piomelli,D] Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America. [Duranti,A] Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Technology Unit, University of Urbino ‘‘Carlo Bo’’, Urbino, Italy. [Caprioli,G; Sagratini,G] School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino,Italy. [Rodríguez de Fonseca,F] Fundación IMABIS, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Málaga, Spain. [Piomelli,D] Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, Italy.Evidence shows that the endocannabinoid system modulates the addictive properties of nicotine. In the present study, we hypothesized that spontaneous withdrawal resulting from removal of chronically implanted transdermal nicotine patches is regulated by the endocannabinoid system. A 7-day nicotine dependence procedure (5.2 mg/rat/day) elicited occurrence of reliable nicotine abstinence symptoms in Wistar rats. Somatic and affective withdrawal signs were observed at 16 and 34 hours following removal of nicotine patches, respectively. Further behavioral manifestations including decrease in locomotor activity and increased weight gain also occurred during withdrawal. Expression of spontaneous nicotine withdrawal was accompanied by fluctuation in levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) in several brain structures including the amygdala, the hippocampus, the hypothalamus and the prefrontal cortex. Conversely, levels of 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol were not significantly altered. Pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme responsible for the intracellular degradation of AEA, by URB597 (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, i.p.), reduced withdrawal-induced anxiety as assessed by the elevated plus maze test and the shock-probe defensive burying paradigm, but did not prevent the occurrence of somatic signs. Together, the results indicate that pharmacological strategies aimed at enhancing endocannabinoid signaling may offer therapeutic advantages to treat the negative affective state produced by nicotine withdrawal, which is critical for the maintenance of tobacco use.Publication Evidence for Startle Effects due to Externally Induced Lower Limb Movements: Implications in Neurorehabilitation(Hindawi, 2017) Castellote, Juan Manuel; Kofler, Markus; Mayr, Andreas; Saltuari, Leopold; Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIPassive limb displacement is routinely used to assess muscle tone. If we attempt to quantify muscle stiffness using mechanical devices, it is important to know whether kinematic stimuli are able to trigger startle reactions. Whether kinematic stimuli are able to elicit a startle reflex and to accelerate prepared voluntary movements (StartReact effect) has not been studied extensively to date. Eleven healthy subjects were suspended in an exoskeleton and were exposed to passive left knee flexion (KF) at three intensities, occasionally replaced by fast right KF. Upon perceiving the movement subjects were asked to perform right wrist extension (WE), assessed by extensor carpi radialis (ECR) electromyographic activity. ECR latencies were shortest in fast trials. Startle responses were present in most fast trials, yet being significantly accelerated and larger with right versus left KF, since the former occurred less frequently and thus less expectedly. Startle responses were associated with earlier and larger ECR responses (StartReact effect), with the largest effect again upon right KF. The results provide evidence that kinematic stimuli are able to elicit both startle reflexes and a StartReact effect, which depend on stimulus intensity and anticipation, as well as on the subjects' preparedness to respond.Publication Experimental Validation of Depth Cameras for the Parameterization of Functional Balance of Patients in Clinical Tests.(2017-02-22) Moreno, Francisco-Ángel; Merchán-Baeza, José Antonio; González-Sánchez, Manuel; González-Jiménez, Javier; Cuesta-Vargas, Antonio I; [Moreno, Francisco-Angel] Univ Malaga, MAPIR UMA Grp, Dept Ingn Sistemas & Automat, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Malaga, Spain; [Gonzalez-Jimenez, Javier] Univ Malaga, MAPIR UMA Grp, Dept Ingn Sistemas & Automat, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Malaga, Spain; [Antonio Merchan-Baeza, Jose] Univ Malaga, Dept Fisioterapia, Grp Clinimetria FE 14, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Malaga, Spain; [Gonzalez-Sanchez, Manuel] Univ Malaga, Dept Fisioterapia, Grp Clinimetria FE 14, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Malaga, Spain; [Cuesta-Vargas, Antonio I.] Univ Malaga, Dept Fisioterapia, Grp Clinimetria FE 14, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA,Malaga, Spain; [Gonzalez-Sanchez, Manuel] Univ Jaen, Dept Ciencias Salud, Jaen, Spain; [Cuesta-Vargas, Antonio I.] Queensland Univ Technol, Fac Hlth, Sch Clin Sci, Brisbane, AustraliaIn clinical practice, patients' balance can be assessed using standard scales. Two of the most validated clinical tests for measuring balance are the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the MultiDirectional Reach Test (MDRT). Nowadays, inertial sensors (IS) are employed for kinematic analysis of functional tests in the clinical setting, and have become an alternative to expensive, 3D optical motion capture systems. In daily clinical practice, however, IS-based setups are yet cumbersome and inconvenient to apply. Current depth cameras have the potential for such application, presenting many advantages as, for instance, being portable, low-cost and minimally-invasive. This paper aims at experimentally validating to what extent this technology can substitute IS for the parameterization and kinematic analysis of the TUG and the MDRT tests. Twenty healthy young adults were recruited as participants to perform five different balance tests while kinematic data from their movements were measured by both a depth camera and an inertial sensor placed on their trunk. The reliability of the camera's measurements is examined through the Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), whilst the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) is computed to evaluate the correlation between both sensor's measurements, revealing excellent reliability and strong correlations in most cases.Publication Human motion capture for movement limitation analysis using an RGB-D camera in spondyloarthritis: a validation study.(2021-09-01) Trinidad-Fernández, Manuel; Cuesta-Vargas, Antonio; Vaes, Peter; Beckwée, David; Moreno, Francisco-Ángel; González-Jiménez, Javier; Fernández-Nebro, Antonio; Manrique-Arija, Sara; Ureña-Garnica, Inmaculada; González-Sánchez, ManuelA human motion capture system using an RGB-D camera could be a good option to understand the trunk limitations in spondyloarthritis. The aim of this study is to validate a human motion capture system using an RGB-D camera to analyse trunk movement limitations in spondyloarthritis patients. Cross-sectional study was performed where spondyloarthritis patients were diagnosed with a rheumatologist. The RGB-D camera analysed the kinematics of each participant during seven functional tasks based on rheumatologic assessment. The OpenNI2 library collected the depth data, the NiTE2 middleware detected a virtual skeleton and the MRPT library recorded the trunk positions. The gold standard was registered using an inertial measurement unit. The outcome variables were angular displacement, angular velocity and lineal acceleration of the trunk. Criterion validity and the reliability were calculated. Seventeen subjects (54.35 (11.75) years) were measured. The Bending task obtained moderate results in validity (r = 0.55-0.62) and successful results in reliability (ICC = 0.80-0.88) and validity and reliability of angular kinematic results in Chair task were moderate and (r = 0.60-0.74, ICC = 0.61-0.72). The kinematic results in Timed Up and Go test were less consistent. The RGB-D camera was documented to be a reliable tool to assess the movement limitations in spondyloarthritis depending on the functional tasks: Bending task. Chair task needs further research and the TUG analysis was not validated. Comparation of both systems, required software for camera analysis, outcomes and final results of validity and reliability of each test.Publication Muscle Activation and Distribution during Four Test/Functional Tasks: A Comparison between Dry-Land and Aquatic Environments for Healthy Older and Young Adults.(2020-06-30) Cuesta-Vargas, Ántonio; Martín-Martín, Jaime; Pérez-Cruzado, David; Cano-Herrera, Carlos L; Rodríguez, Javier Güeita; Merchán-Baeza, Jose Antonio; González-Sánchez, ManuelThe use of rehabilitation protocols carried out in water has been progressively increasing due to the favorable physical properties of the water. Electromyography allows one to register muscle activity even under water. To compare muscle activity between two groups (healthy young adults (HYA) and healthy older adults (HOA)) in two different environments (dry land and aquatic) using surface electromyography during the execution of four different test/functional movements. Analytical cross-sectional study. HYA and HOA carried out four functional tasks (Step Up and Down, Sit To Stand test, Gait Initiation and Turns During Gait) in two different environments (dry land and aquatic). Absolute and relative muscle activation was compared between each group and between each environment. In addition, the stability of the measured was calculated through a test-retest (ICC 2:1). Within the same environment there were significant differences between young and older adults in three of the four functional tasks. In contrast, in the gait initiation, hardly any significant differences were found between the two groups analysed, except for the soleus and the anterior tibial. Measurement stability ranged from good to excellent. Level of the musculature involvement presents an entirely different distribution when the test/functional task is performed on dry land or in water. There are differences both in the relative activation of the musculature and in the distribution of the partition of the muscles comparing older and young adults within the same environment.Publication The StartReact effect on self-initiated movements(Hindawi, 2013) Castellote, Juan Manuel; Van den Berg, M E L; Valls-Solé, J; Fundación La Marató TV3; Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIPreparation of the motor system for movement execution involves an increase in excitability of motor pathways. In a reaction time task paradigm, a startling auditory stimulus (SAS) delivered together with the imperative signal (IS) shortens reaction time significantly. In self-generated tasks we considered that an appropriately timed SAS would have similar effects. Eight subjects performed a ballistic wrist extension in two blocks: reaction, in which they responded to a visual IS, and action, in which they moved when they wished within a predetermined time window. In 20-25% of the trials, a SAS was applied. We recorded electromyographic activity of wrist extension and wrist movement kinematic variables. No effects of SAS were observed in action trials when movement was performed before or long after SAS application. However, a cluster of action trials was observed within 200 ms after SAS. These trials showed larger EMG bursts, shorter movement time, shorter time to peak velocity, and higher peak velocity than other action trials (P < 0.001 for all), with no difference from Reaction trials containing SAS. The results show that SAS influences the execution of self-generated human actions as it does with preprogrammed reaction time tasks during the assumed building up of preparatory activity before execution of the willed motor action.Publication Validation, Reliability, and Responsiveness Outcomes Of Kinematic Assessment With An RGB-D Camera To Analyze Movement In Subacute And Chronic Low Back Pain(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2020-01-27) Trinidad-Fernández, Manuel; Beckwée, David; Cuesta-Vargas, Antonio; González-Sánchez, Manuel; Moreno, Francisco-Angel; González-Jiménez, Javier; Joos, Erika; Vaes, Peter; [Trinidad-Fernández,M; Beckwée,D; Vaes,P] Rehabilitation Sciences Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. [Trinidad-Fernández,M; Cuesta-Vargas,A; González-Sánchez,M] Clinimetric Group F-14, Department of Physiotherapy, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain. [Beckwée,D] Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. [Cuesta-Vargas,A] School of Clinical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Queensland University Technology, Brisbane, Australia. [Moreno,FA; González-Jiménez,J] Machine Perception and Intelligent Robotics Group (MAPIR), Dept. of System Engineering and Automation, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain. [Joos,E] Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Department, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.Background: The RGB-D camera is an alternative to asses kinematics in order to obtain objective measurements of functional limitations. The aim of this study is to analyze the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the motion capture depth camera in sub-acute and chronic low back pain patients. Methods: Thirty subjects (18–65 years) with non-specific lumbar pain were screened 6 weeks following an episode. RGB-D camera measurements were compared with an inertial measurement unit. Functional tests included climbing stairs, bending, reaching sock, lie-to-sit, sit-to-stand, and timed up-and-go. Subjects performed the maximum number of repetitions during 30 s. Validity was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation, reliability of repetitions was calculated by the intraclass correlation coe_cient and the standard error of measurement, and receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated to assess the responsiveness. Results: The kinematic análisis obtained variable results according to the test. The time variable had good values in the validity and reliability of all tests (r = 0.93–1.00, (intraclass correlation coe_cient (ICC) = 0.62–0.93). Regarding kinematics, the best results were obtained in bending test, sock test, and sit-to-stand test (r = 0.53–0.80, ICC = 0.64–0.83, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.55–84). Conclusion: Functional tasks, such as bending, sit-to-stand, reaching, and putting on sock, assessed with the RGB-D camera, revealed aceptable validity, reliability, and responsiveness in the assessment of patients with low back pain (LBP).