Browsing by Keyword "Nicotina"
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Publication Endocannabinoid regulation of acute and protracted nicotine withdrawal: effect of FAAH inhibition(Public Library of Science (PLOS), 2011-11-30) Cippitelli, Andrea; Astarita, Giuseppe; Duranti, Andrea; Caprioli, Giovanni; Ubaldi, Massimo; Stopponi, Serena; Kallupi, Marsida; Sagratini, Gianni; Rodríguez de Fonseca, Fernando; Piomelli, Daniele; Ciccocioppo, Roberto; [Cippitelli,A; Ubaldi,M; Stopponi,S; Kallupi,M; Ciccocioppo,R] School of Pharmacy,Pharmacology Unit,University of Camerino,Camerino,Italy. [Astarita,G; Piomelli,D] Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America. [Duranti,A] Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Technology Unit, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy. [Caprioli,G; Sagratini,G] School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino,Italy. [Rodríguez de Fonseca,F] Fundación IMABIS, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Málaga, Spain. [Piomelli,D] Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, Italy.Evidence shows that the endocannabinoid system modulates the addictive properties of nicotine. In the present study, we hypothesized that spontaneous withdrawal resulting from removal of chronically implanted transdermal nicotine patches is regulated by the endocannabinoid system. A 7-day nicotine dependence procedure (5.2 mg/rat/day) elicited occurrence of reliable nicotine abstinence symptoms in Wistar rats. Somatic and affective withdrawal signs were observed at 16 and 34 hours following removal of nicotine patches, respectively. Further behavioral manifestations including decrease in locomotor activity and increased weight gain also occurred during withdrawal. Expression of spontaneous nicotine withdrawal was accompanied by fluctuation in levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) in several brain structures including the amygdala, the hippocampus, the hypothalamus and the prefrontal cortex. Conversely, levels of 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol were not significantly altered. Pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme responsible for the intracellular degradation of AEA, by URB597 (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, i.p.), reduced withdrawal-induced anxiety as assessed by the elevated plus maze test and the shock-probe defensive burying paradigm, but did not prevent the occurrence of somatic signs. Together, the results indicate that pharmacological strategies aimed at enhancing endocannabinoid signaling may offer therapeutic advantages to treat the negative affective state produced by nicotine withdrawal, which is critical for the maintenance of tobacco use.Publication Endocannabinoid regulation of acute and protracted nicotine withdrawal: effect of FAAH inhibition.(Public Library of Science (PLOS), 2011-11-30) Cippitelli, Andrea; Astarita, Giuseppe; Duranti, Andrea; Caprioli, Giovanni; Ubaldi, Massimo; Stopponi, Serena; Kallupi, Marsida; Sagratini, Gianni; Rodríguez de Fonseca, Fernando; Piomelli, Daniele; Ciccocioppo, Roberto; [Cippitelli,A; Ubaldi,M; Stopponi,S; Kallupi,M; Ciccocioppo,R] School of Pharmacy,Pharmacology Unit,University of Camerino,Camerino,Italy. [Astarita,G; Piomelli,D] Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America. [Duranti,A] Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Technology Unit, University of Urbino ‘‘Carlo Bo’’, Urbino, Italy. [Caprioli,G; Sagratini,G] School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino,Italy. [Rodríguez de Fonseca,F] Fundación IMABIS, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Málaga, Spain. [Piomelli,D] Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, Italy.Evidence shows that the endocannabinoid system modulates the addictive properties of nicotine. In the present study, we hypothesized that spontaneous withdrawal resulting from removal of chronically implanted transdermal nicotine patches is regulated by the endocannabinoid system. A 7-day nicotine dependence procedure (5.2 mg/rat/day) elicited occurrence of reliable nicotine abstinence symptoms in Wistar rats. Somatic and affective withdrawal signs were observed at 16 and 34 hours following removal of nicotine patches, respectively. Further behavioral manifestations including decrease in locomotor activity and increased weight gain also occurred during withdrawal. Expression of spontaneous nicotine withdrawal was accompanied by fluctuation in levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) in several brain structures including the amygdala, the hippocampus, the hypothalamus and the prefrontal cortex. Conversely, levels of 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol were not significantly altered. Pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme responsible for the intracellular degradation of AEA, by URB597 (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, i.p.), reduced withdrawal-induced anxiety as assessed by the elevated plus maze test and the shock-probe defensive burying paradigm, but did not prevent the occurrence of somatic signs. Together, the results indicate that pharmacological strategies aimed at enhancing endocannabinoid signaling may offer therapeutic advantages to treat the negative affective state produced by nicotine withdrawal, which is critical for the maintenance of tobacco use.Publication Validity of self-reported intensity of exposure to second-hand smoke at home against environmental and personal markers.(Elsevier, 2018) Martínez-Sánchez, José M; González-Marrón, Adrián; Sureda, Xisca; Martín-Sánchez, Juan Carlos; Fu, Marcela; Pérez-Ortuño, Raúl; Lidón-Moyano, Cristina; Galan, Iñaki; Pascual, José Antonio; Fernández, Esteve; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Government of Catalonia (España); Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF); Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. H2020[EN] The objective of this study was to assess the validity of two questions about the perception of intensity of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at home using as a reference environmental markers (airborne nicotine and benzene) and biomarkers of exposure (cotinine in saliva and urine). This was a cross-sectional study in a convenience sample of 49 non-smoking volunteers. We found a high correlation between selfreported SHS exposure and airborne nicotine (rsp = 0.806, p < 0.05), salivary cotinine (rsp = 0.752, p < 0.05), and urinary cotinine (rsp = 0.626, p < 0.05). We did not find differences between the score question and the conventional ones (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the significant correlation of the two questions proposed with environmental markers and personal markers indicates their potential validity to assess exposure to SHS at home. [ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la validez de dos preguntas sobre la exposición al humo ambiental de tabaco (HAT) en el hogar utilizando como referencia marcadores ambientales (nicotina y bencenos en el aire) y biomarcadores específicos (cotinina en saliva y orina) de la exposición pasiva al tabaco. Para ello se realizó un estudio transversal de una muestra de conveniencia de 49 voluntarios no fumadores mayores de edad de la ciudad de Barcelona. Se encontró una alta correlación entre la pregunta de intensidad de la exposición pasiva autodeclarada en casa y la nicotina en el aire (rsp = 0,806, p < 0,05), la cotinina en saliva (rsp = 0,752, p < 0,05) y la cotinina en orina (rsp = 0,626, p < 0,05). No encontramos diferencias entre las preguntas puntuables y las convencionales (p >0,05). En conclusión, la alta correlación de las preguntas propuestas con los marcadores ambientales y los biomarcadores indica su validez para evaluar la intensidad de la exposición pasiva al tabaco en el hogar.