Browsing by Keyword "Cerebrospinal fluid"
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Publication Choroid Plexus Aquaporins in CSF Homeostasis and the Glymphatic System: Their Relevance for Alzheimer's Disease(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-01-03) Municio, Cristina; Carrero, Laura; Antequera, Desireé; Carro, Eva; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - CIBERNED (Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas); Fundacion Española para la Investigación en ParkinsonThe glymphatic system, a fluid-clearance pathway involved in brain waste clearance, is known to be impaired in neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this reason, it is important to understand the specific mechanisms and factors controlling glymphatic function. This pathway enables the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain and subsequently the brain interstitium, supported by aquaporins (AQPs). Continuous CSF transport through the brain parenchyma is critical for the effective transport and drainage of waste solutes, such as toxic proteins, through the glymphatic system. However, a balance between CSF production and secretion from the choroid plexus, through AQP regulation, is also needed. Thus, any condition that affects CSF homeostasis will also interfere with effective waste removal through the clearance glymphatic pathway and the subsequent processes of neurodegeneration. In this review, we highlight the role of AQPs in the choroid plexus in the modulation of CSF homeostasis and, consequently, the glymphatic clearance pathway, with a special focus on AD.Publication Diagnostic Accuracy of Prion Disease Biomarkers in Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2020-02-12) Llorens, Franc; Villar-Piqué, Anna; Hermann, Peter; Schmitz, Matthias; Calero, Olga; Stehmann, Christiane; Sarros, Shannon; Moda, Fabio; Ferrer, Isidre; Poleggi, Anna; Pocchiari, Maurizio; Catania, Marcella; Klotz, Sigrid; O'Regan, Carl; Brett, Francesca; Heffernan, Josephine; Ladogana, Anna; Collins, Steven J; Calero, Miguel; Kovacs, Gabor G; Zerr, Inga; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Fundación La Marató TV3; Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF)Human prion diseases are classified into sporadic, genetic, and acquired forms. Within this last group, iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (iCJD) is caused by human-to-human transmission through surgical and medical procedures. After reaching an incidence peak in the 1990s, it is believed that the iCJD historical period is probably coming to an end, thanks to lessons learnt from past infection sources that promoted new prion prevention and decontamination protocols. At this point, we sought to characterise the biomarker profile of iCJD and compare it to that of sporadic CJD (sCJD) for determining the value of available diagnostic tools in promptly recognising iCJD cases. To that end, we collected 23 iCJD samples from seven national CJD surveillance centres and analysed the electroencephalogram and neuroimaging data together with a panel of seven CSF biomarkers: 14-3-3, total tau, phosphorylated/total tau ratio, alpha-synuclein, neurofilament light, YKL-40, and real-time quaking induced conversion of prion protein. Using the cut-off values established for sCJD, we found the sensitivities of these biomarkers for iCJD to be similar to those described for sCJD. Given the limited relevant information on this issue to date, the present study validates the use of current sCJD biomarkers for the diagnosis of future iCJD cases.Publication Epidemiology of Echovirus 30 Infections Detected in a University Hospital in Catalonia, Spain, in 1995-2020(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2022-03-09) Cuerpo Casas, Margarita del; Gonzalez-de-Audicana, Jon; Fernandez-Garcia, Maria Dolores; Marín, Pilar; Esteban, Montserrat; Español, Montserrat; Cabrerizo, Maria; Rabella, NúriaThere is a growing interest in echovirus 30 (E30), an enterovirus responsible for neurological disease and hospitalization. There are multiple studies of outbreaks, but few that study the epidemiology over long periods of time. Our study aims to describe the clinical, epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of a series of E30 infections detected over 26 years. Data were retrospectively collected from a database of all enterovirus infections identified in our laboratory. They were detected by viral isolation or nucleic acid detection in patients presenting with respiratory or neurological infections, rash, sepsis-like syndrome, or gastroenteritis. Enterovirus genotyping was performed by amplification of the VP1 gene using RT-nested PCR, followed by sequencing and BLAST analysis. Of the 2402 enterovirus infections detected, 1619 were linked to at least one genotype and 173 were caused by E30. Clinical information was available for 158 (91.3%) patients. E30 was associated with neurological infection in 107 (67.8%) cases and it was detected almost every year. Phylogenetic analysis was performed with 67 sequences. We observed that E30 strains circulating in Catalonia from 1996 to 2016 belong to two lineages (E and F), although the majority cluster was in F. In 2018, lineage I emerged as the dominant lineage.Publication Micromotor-based electrochemical immunoassays for reliable determination of amyloid-β (1-42) in Alzheimer's diagnosed clinical samples(Elsevier, 2024-04-01) Gordón Pidal, José M; Moreno-Guzmán, María; Montero-Calle, Ana Maria; Valverde, Alejandro; Pingarrón, José M; Campuzano, Susana; Calero, Miguel; Barderas Manchado, Rodrigo; López, Miguel Ángel; Escarpa, Alberto; Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España); Comunidad de Madrid (España); Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF)Alzheimer's disease (AD), in addition to being the most common cause of dementia, is very difficult to diagnose, with the 42-amino acid form of Aβ (Aβ-42) being one of the main biomarkers used for this purpose. Despite the enormous efforts made in recent years, the technologies available to determine Aβ-42 in human samples require sophisticated instrumentation, present high complexity, are sample and time-consuming, and are costly, highlighting the urgent need not only to develop new tools to overcome these limitations but to provide an early detection and treatment window for AD, which is a top-challenge. In recent years, micromotor (MM) technology has proven to add a new dimension to clinical biosensing, enabling ultrasensitive detections in short times and microscale environments. To this end, here an electrochemical immunoassay based on polypyrrole (PPy)/nickel (Ni)/platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) MM is proposed in a pioneering manner for the determination of Aβ-42 in left prefrontal cortex brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma samples from patients with AD. MM combines the high binding capacity of their immunorecognition external layer with self-propulsion through the catalytic generation of oxygen bubbles in the internal layer due to decomposition of hydrogen peroxide as fuel, allowing rapid bio-detection (15 min) of Aβ-42 with excellent selectivity and sensitivity (LOD = 0.06 ng/mL). The application of this disruptive technology to the analysis of just 25 μL of the three types of clinical samples provides values concordant with the clinical values reported, thus confirming the potential of the MM approach to assist in the reliable, simple, fast, and affordable diagnosis of AD by determining Aβ-42.Publication Retrieval of germinal zone neural stem cells from the cerebrospinal fluid of premature infants with intraventricular hemorrhage(Wiley, 2020) Fernández-Muñoz, Beatriz; Rosell-Valle, Cristina; Ferrari, Daniela; Alba-Amador, Julia; Montiel, Miguel Ángel; Campos-Cuerva, Rafael; Lopez-Navas, Luis; Muñoz-Escalona, María; Martín-López, María; Profico, Daniela Celeste; Blanco, Manuel Francisco; Giorgetti, Alessandra; González-Muñoz, Elena; Márquez-Rivas, Javier; Sanchez-Pernaute, Rosario; [Fernández-Muñoz,B; Rosell-Valle,C; Alba-Amador,J; Montiel,MÁ; Campos-Cuerva,R; Muñoz-Escalona,M; Martín-López,M; Blanco,MF] Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular (UPRC), Red Andaluza para el diseño y traslación de Terapias Avanzadas, Sevilla, Spain. [Fernández-Muñoz,B; Martín-López,M; Márquez-Rivas,J] Grupo de Neurociencia aplicada, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain. [Ferrari,D] Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. [Campos-Cuerva,R] Centro de Transfusiones, Tejidos y Células de Sevilla (CTTS), Sevilla, Spain. [Lopez-Navas,L; Sanchez-Pernaute,R] Departamento de Preclínica, Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas, Sevilla, Spain. [Profico,DC] Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Production Unit of Advanced Therapies (UPTA), San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy. [Giorgetti,A] Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL); Program for Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), Barcelona, Spain. [González-Muñoz,E] Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain. [González-Muñoz,E] Department of Regenerative Nanomedicine, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Málaga, Spain. [González-Muñoz,E] Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Spain. [Márquez-Rivas,J] Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.Intraventricular hemorrhage is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. The rupture of the germinal zone into the ventricles entails loss of neural stem cells and disturbs the normal cytoarchitecture of the region, compromising late neurogliogenesis. Here we demonstrate that neural stem cells can be easily and robustly isolated from the hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid obtained during therapeutic neuroendoscopic lavage in preterm infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage. Our analyses demonstrate that these neural stem cells, although similar to human fetal cell lines, display distinctive hallmarks related to their regional and developmental origin in the germinal zone of the ventral forebrain, the ganglionic eminences that give rise to interneurons and oligodendrocytes. These cells can be expanded, cryopreserved, and differentiated in vitro and in vivo in the brain of nude mice and show no sign of tumoral transformation 6 months after transplantation. This novel class of neural stem cells poses no ethical concerns, as the fluid is usually discarded, and could be useful for the development of an autologous therapy for preterm infants, aiming to restore late neurogliogenesis and attenuate neurocognitive deficits. Furthermore, these cells represent a valuable tool for the study of the final stages of human brain development and germinal zone biology.