Apoptosis, Toll-like, RIG-I-like and NOD-like Receptors Are Pathways Jointly Induced by Diverse Respiratory Bacterial and Viral Pathogens

Martinez, IsidoroOliveros, Juan CarlosCuesta de la Plaza, IsabelDe la Barrera, JorgeAusina, VicenteCasals, Cristinade Lorenzo, AlbaGarcía, ErnestoGarcía-Fojeda, BelénGarmendia, JunkalGonzález-Nicolau, MarLacoma, AliciaMenéndez, MargaritaMoranta, DavidNieto, AmeliaOrtin, JuanPérez-González, AliciaPrat-Vidal, CristinaRamos-Sevillano, ElisaRegueiro, VerónicaRodriguez-Frandsen, ArielSolís, DoloresYuste, Jose EnriqueBengoechea, Jose AntonioMelero, Jose Antonio2019-03-262019-03-262017-03Front Microbiol. 2017 Mar:276.1664-302Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/9927http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/7379Lower respiratory tract infections are among the top five leading causes of human death. Fighting these infections is therefore a world health priority. Searching for induced alterations in host gene expression shared by several relevant respiratory pathogens represents an alternative to identify new targets for wide-range host-oriented therapeutics. With this aim, alveolar macrophages were independently infected with three unrelated bacterial (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus) and two dissimilar viral (respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A virus) respiratory pathogens, all of them highly relevant for human health. Cells were also activated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a prototypical pathogen-associated molecular pattern. Patterns of differentially expressed cellular genes shared by the indicated pathogens were searched by microarray analysis. Most of the commonly up-regulated host genes were related to the innate immune response and/or apoptosis, with Toll-like, RIG-I-like and NOD-like receptors among the top 10 signaling pathways with over-expressed genes. These results identify new potential broad-spectrum targets to fight the important human infections caused by the bacteria and viruses studied here.engVoRhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Bacterial infectionsCore of up-regulated genesHost responseRespiratory pathogensViral infectionsApoptosis, Toll-like, RIG-I-like and NOD-like Receptors Are Pathways Jointly Induced by Diverse Respiratory Bacterial and Viral PathogensAtribución-4.0 Internacional28298903827610.3389/fmicb.2017.00276Frontiers in Microbiologyopen access2-s2.0-85018302835394973500001L615662660