Mena-Vázquez, NataliaRojas-Gimenez, MartaFuego-Varela, ClaraGarcía-Studer, AimaraPerez-Gómez, NairRomero-Barco, Carmen MaríaGodoy-Navarrete, Francisco JavierManrique-Arija, SaraGandía-Martínez, MyriamCalvo-Gutiérrez, JerusalemMorales-Garrido, PilarMouriño-Rodriguez, CoralCastro-Pérez, PatriciaAñón-Oñate, IsabelEspildora, FranciscoAguilar-Hurtado, María CarmenHidalgo Conde, AnaArnedo Díez de Los Ríos, RocíoCabrera César, EvaRedondo-Rodriguez, RocíoVelloso-Feijoo, María LuisaFernández-Nebro, Antonio2024-02-272024-02-272022-06-222227-9059http://hdl.handle.net/10668/20838http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18681To prospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy profile of abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). We performed a prospective observational multicenter study of a cohort of patients with RA-ILD treated with abatacept between 2015 and 2021. Patients were evaluated using high-resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function tests at initiation, 12 months, and the end of follow-up. The effectiveness of abatacept was evaluated based on whether ILD improved, stabilized, progressed, or was fatal. We also evaluated factors such as infection, hospitalization, and inflammatory activity using the 28-joint Disease Activity Score with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR). Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with progression of lung disease. The study population comprised 57 patients with RA-ILD treated with abatacept for a median (IQR) of 27.3 (12.2-42.8) months. Lung disease had progressed before starting abatacept in 45.6% of patients. At the end of follow-up, lung disease had improved or stabilized in 41 patients (71.9%) and worsened in 13 (22.8%); 3 patients (5.3%) died. No significant decreases were observed in forced vital capacity (FVC) or in the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO).The factors associated with progression of RA-ILD were baseline DAS28-ESR (OR [95% CI], 2.52 [1.03-3.12]; p = 0.041), FVC (OR [95% CI], 0.82 [0.70-0.96]; p = 0.019), and DLCO (OR [95% CI], 0.83 [0.72-0.96]; p = 0.018). Only 10.5% of patients experienced severe adverse effects. Pulmonary function and joint inflammation stabilized in 71% of patients with RA-ILD treated with abatacept. Abatacept had a favorable safety profile.engVoRhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/abataceptbiologicsinterstitial lung diseaserheumatoid arthritisAttribution 4.0 International3588478610710.3390/biomedicines10071480Biomedicinesopen access