Caniglia, Ellen CPhillips, AndrewPorter, KholoudSabin, Caroline AWinston, AlanLogan, RogerGill, JohnVandenhende, Marie-AnneBarger, DianaLodi, SaraMoreno, SantiagoRamon Arribas, JosePacheco, AntonioCardoso, Sandra WChrysos, GeorgeGogos, CharalabosAbgrall, SophieCostagliola, DominiqueMeyer, LaurenceSeng, Remonievan Sighem, ArdReiss, PeterMuga, RobertoPérez-Hoyos, SantiagoBraun, DominiqueHauser, ChristophBarrufet, PilarLeyes Garcia, MariaTate, JanetJustice, AmyHernán, Miguel AHIV-CAUSAL Collaboration2024-09-062024-09-062018-01-01Caniglia Ellen C., Phillips Andrew, Porter Kholoud, Sabin Caroline A., Winston Alan, Logan Roger, et al. Commonly Prescribed Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens and Incidence of AIDS-Defining Neurological Conditions. JAIDS. 2018 Jan 01;77(1):102-109.1525-4135http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/9463https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/22642Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Epidemiologic-Research. Soc Epidemiol Res. Seattle, WA. JUN 21, 2017.Background: The differential effects of commonly prescribed combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimens on AIDS-defining neurological conditions (neuroAIDS) remain unknown. Setting: Prospective cohort studies of HIV-positive individuals from Europe and the Americas included in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration. Methods: Individuals who initiated a first-line cART regimen in 2004 or later containing a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbone and either atazanavir, lopinavir, darunavir, or efavirenz were followed from cART initiation until death, lost to follow-up, pregnancy, the cohort-specific administrative end of follow-up, or the event of interest, whichever occurred earliest. We evaluated 4 neuroAIDS conditions: HIV dementia and the opportunistic infections toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. For each outcome, we estimated hazard ratios for atazanavir, lopinavir, and darunavir compared with efavirenz via a pooled logistic model. Our models were adjusted for baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: Twenty six thousand one hundred seventy-two individuals initiated efavirenz, 5858 initiated atazanavir, 8479 initiated lopinavir, and 4799 initiated darunavir. Compared with efavirenz, the adjusted HIV dementia hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.72 (1.00 to 2.96) for atazanavir, 2.21 (1.38 to 3.54) for lopinavir, and 1.41 (0.61 to 3.24) for darunavir. The respective hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the combined end point were 1.18 (0.74 to 1.88) for atazanavir, 1.61 (1.14 to 2.27) for lopinavir, and 1.36 (0.74 to 2.48) for darunavir. The results varied in subsets defined by calendar year, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbone, and age. Conclusion: Our results are consistent with an increased risk of neuroAIDS after initiating lopinavir compared with efavirenz, but temporal changes in prescribing trends and confounding by indication could explain our findings.enghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/HIVHIV dementiaAntiretroviral therapyNeuroAIDSAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsBenzoxazinesHIV Protease InhibitorsAdultLeukoencephalopathy, Progressive MultifocalAmericasAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeHumansMeningitis, CryptococcalLopinavirMiddle AgedAIDS Dementia ComplexMaleProspective StudiesEuropeFemaleToxoplasmosisAtazanavir SulfateCohort StudiesDarunavirReverse Transcriptase Inhibitorsresearch articleAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International28991888771102-10910.1097/QAI.00000000000015621077-9450JAIDS-Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromesopen accessEstudios de CohortesToxoplasmosisBenzoxazinasDarunavirComplejo SIDA DemenciaFemeninoLopinavirEuropa (Continente)Meningitis CriptocócicaMasculinoSíndrome de Inmunodeficiencia AdquiridaLeucoencefalopatía Multifocal ProgresivaSulfato de AtazanavirHumanosPersona de Mediana EdadEstudios ProspectivosAméricasAdultoInhibidores de la Proteasa del VIHInhibidores de la Transcriptasa InversaInfecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA2-s2.0-85038377563429107900018L619870153