González-Palacios, SandraOncina-Cánovas, AlejandroGarcía-de-la-Hera, ManuelaMartínez-González, Miguel ÁngelSalas-Salvado, JordiCorella, DoloresSchröder, HelmutMartínez, J AlfredoAlonso-Gómez, Ángel MWärnberg, JuliaRomaguera, DoraLópez-Miranda, JoséEstruch, RamonTinahones, Francisco JLapetra, JoséSerra-Majem, LluisCano-Ibañez, NaomiTur, Josep AMartín-Sánchez, VicentePintó, XavierDelgado-Rodriguez, MiguelMatía-Martín, PilarVidal, JosepVazquez, ClotildeDaimiel, LidiaRos, EmilioBes-Rastrollo, MairaAtzeni, AlessandroSorli, Jose VZomeño-Fajardo, María DoloresPeña-Orihuela, Patricia JCompañ-Gabucio, Laura MBarón-López, Francisco JZulet, María ÁngelesKonieczna, JadwigaCasas, Rosa MGarrido-Garrido, Eva MTojal-Sierra, LucasGomez-Perez, Ana MRuiz-Canela, MiguelPalau-Galindo, AntoniSaiz, CarmenPérez-Vega, Karla AGarcia-Rios, AntonioTorres-Collado, LauraBasterra-Gortari, JavierGarcidueñas-Fimbres, Tany EMalcampo, MireiaVioque, Jesus2024-10-092024-10-092023-06-07González-Palacios S, Oncina-Cánovas A, García-de-la-Hera M, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, et al. Increased ultra-processed food consumption is associated with worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with metabolic syndrome: Longitudinal analysis from a randomized trial. Atherosclerosis. 2023 Jun 7;377:12-23.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/19053https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/23689Background and aims: The association between changes in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors remains understudied. We evaluated the association between changes in UPF consumption over 12 months of follow-up and changes in CMR factors in adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Methods: We analysed data from 5373 adults (aged 55-75 years) participating in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Diet was evaluated at baseline, 6- and 12-month visits using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and UPF consumption (in grams/day and percentage of total daily dietary intake in grams) was categorized based on NOVA classification. We used mixed-effects linear models with repeated measurements at baseline, 6 and 12 months of follow-up to assess the associations between changes in UPF consumption and changes in CMR factors adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyles variables. Results: In multivariable-adjusted models, when comparing the highest versus the lowest quartile of UPF consumption, positive associations were found for several CMR factors: weight (kg, β = 1.09; 95% confidence interval 0.91 to 1.26); BMI (kg/m2, β = 0.39; 0.33 to 0.46); waist circumference (cm, β = 1.03; 0.81 to 1.26); diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg, β = 0.67; 0.29 to 1.06); fasting blood glucose (mg/dl, β = 1.66; 0.61 to 2.70); HbA1c (%, β = 0.04; 0.01 to 0.07); triglycerides (mg/dl, β = 6.79; 3.66 to 9.91) and triglycerides and glucose index (β = 0.06; 0.04 to 0.08). Conclusions: Higher UPF consumption was associated with adverse evolution in objectively measured CMR factors after 12 months of follow-up in adults with metabolic syndrome. Further research is needed to explore whether these changes persist for longer periods.enghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/research articleAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional373434323771210.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.05.0221879-1484Atherosclerosisopen access1037110500001