Hernáez, ÁlvaroLassale, CamilleCastro-Barquero, SaraBabio, NancyRos, EmilioCastañer, OlgaTresserra-Rimbau, AnnaPintó, XavierMartínez-González, Miguel ÁngelCorella, DoloresSalas-Salvadó, JordiAlonso-Gómez, Ángel MLapetra, JoséFiol, MiquelGómez-Gracia, EnriqueSerra-Majem, LluisSacanella, EmilioGarcía-Arellano, AnaSorlí, José VDíaz-López, AndrésCofán, MontserratEstruch, Ramón2024-02-192024-02-192021-06-02Hernaez A, Lassale C, Castro-Barquero S, Babio N, Ros E, Castaner O, et al. Mediterranean Diet and White Blood Cell Count-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Foods. 2021 Jun;10(6):1268.2304-8158http://hdl.handle.net/10668/18074https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/19686http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/18364We aimed to assess the effects of the antioxidant-rich Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on white blood cell count. Our study population included participants in the PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterranea study (average age 67 years old, 58% women, high cardiovascular risk). We assessed whether a MedDiet intervention enriched in extra-virgin olive oil or nuts, versus a low-fat control diet, modified the incidence of leukocytosis (>11 x 10(9) leukocytes/L), mild leukopenia (<4.5 x 10(9) leukocytes/L), or severe leukopenia (<3.5 x 10(9) leukocytes/L) in individuals without the condition at baseline (n = 3190, n = 2925, and n = 3190, respectively). We also examined whether MedDiet modified the association between leukocyte count alterations and all-cause mortality. Both MedDiet interventions were associated with a lower risk of developing leukopenia (incidence rates: 5.06% in control diet, 3.29% in MedDiet groups combined; hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.54 [0.36-0.80]) and severe leukopenia (incidence rates: 1.26% in control diet, 0.46% in MedDiet groups combined; hazard ratio: 0.25 [0.10-0.60]). High cumulative adherence to a MedDiet was linked to lower risk of leukocytosis (incidence rates: 2.08% in quartile 1, 0.65% in quartile 4; HRQ4-Q1: 0.29 [0.085-0.99]) and attenuated the association between leukopenia and all-cause mortality (P-interaction = 0.032). In brief, MedDiet decreased the incidence of white blood cell count-related alterations in high cardiovascular risk individuals.engVoRhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Mediterranean dietLeukocytosisLeukopeniaPreventionRandomized controlled trialWhite blood cell countAttribution 4.0 International3419954510610.3390/foods10061268Foods (Basel, Switzerland)open access2-s2.0-85107799328667380300001