Pernas, MariaCasado, ConcepcionArcones, CarolinaLlano, AnuskaSanchez-Merino, VictorMothe, BeatrizVicario, José LGrau, EulaliaRuiz, LidiaSánchez, JorgeTelenti, AmalioYuste-Herranz, Maria EloisaBrander, ChristianLopez-Galindez, Luis Cecilio2018-12-122018-12-122012-02-24PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e319281932-6203http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/6828OBJECTIVE: To study the causes for the lack of clinical progression in a superinfected HIV-1 LTNP elite controller patient. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We studied host genetic, virological and immunological factors associated with viral control in a SI long term non progressor elite controller (LTNP-EC). The individual contained both viruses and maintained undetectable viral loads for >20 years and he did not express any of the described host genetic polymorphisms associated with viral control. None of four full-length gp160 recombinants derived from the LTNP-EC replicated in heterologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CTL responses after SI were maintained in two samples separated by 9 years and they were higher in breadth and magnitude than responses seen in most of 250 treatment naïve patients and also 25 controller subjects. The LTNP-EC showed a neutralization response, against 4 of the 6 viruses analyzed, superior to other ECs. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that a strong and sustained cellular and humoral immune response and low replicating viruses are associated with viral control in the superinfected LTNP-EC.engVoRhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Antiviral AgentsCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesChemokinesDisease ProgressionGenotypeHIV-1HaplotypesHumansImmune SystemLeukocytes, MononuclearLikelihood FunctionsMaleMutationPolymorphism, GeneticRecombinant ProteinsTime FactorsViral LoadVirus ReplicationAtribución 4.0 Internacional2238410372e3192810.1371/journal.pone.00319281932-6203PloS oneopen access