Zuriaga, María AFuster, José J2025-12-182025-12-182025-05Diabetologia. 2025 May;68(5):920-929.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/27091The accumulation of acquired somatic mutations is a natural consequence of ageing, but the pathophysiological implications of these mutations beyond cancer are only beginning to be understood. Most somatic mutations are functionally neutral, but a few may confer a competitive advantage to a stem cell, driving its clonal expansion. When such a mutation arises in haematopoietic stem cells, it leads to clonal haematopoiesis, in which a significant proportion of blood cells originate from the mutant stem cell and share the same mutation. Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), a specific subset of clonal haematopoiesis driven by myeloid leukaemia-related somatic mutations, has been linked to a higher risk of various age-related conditions, particularly CVD, by exacerbating inflammatory responses. Emerging evidence suggests that CHIP may also contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and some of its complications. This review synthesises current knowledge on CHIP and its potential as a novel risk factor for type 2 diabetes, highlighting the need for further research to clarify this relationship and to explore its potential value in developing personalised preventive care strategies for type 2 diabetes and related conditions.Work in the authors’ laboratory is supported by ‘la Caixa’ Foundation under the project code LCF/PR/HR22/52420011, and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-funded by the European Union NextGenerationEU under the umbrella of the Partnership Fostering a European Research Area for Health (ERA4Health) (GA N° 101095426 of the EU Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme). Additional support includes grants PLEC2021-008194, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “European Union NextGenerationEU/ PRTR”; grant PID2021-126580OB-I00, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/EU; and grant 202314-31, funded by Fundació “La Marató TV3”. The CNIC is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU) and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (grant CEX2020-001041-S funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033).engAMhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/DNMT3ATET2CHIPCardiovascular diseaseDiabetesInflammationInsulin resistanceKidney diseaseReviewSomatic mutationAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International40064675DIABETOLOGIAopen access