Vreijling, Sarah RPenninx, Brenda WJHBot, MariskaWatkins, EdOwens, MatthewKohls, ElisabethHegerl, UlrichRoca, MiquelGili, MargalidaBrouwer, Ingeborg AVisser, MarjoleinBeekman, Aartjan TFJansen, RickLamers, Femke2024-09-182024-09-182021-04-07Vreijling SR, Penninx BWJH, Bot M, Watkins E, Owens M, Kohls E, et al. Effects of dietary interventions on depressive symptom profiles: results from the MooDFOOD depression prevention study. Psychol Med. 2021 Apr 7;52(15):1-10.0033-2917https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/19560https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/23158Background: Dietary interventions did not prevent depression onset nor reduced depressive symptoms in a large multi-center randomized controlled depression prevention study (MooDFOOD) involving overweight adults with subsyndromal depressive symptoms. We conducted follow-up analyses to investigate whether dietary interventions differ in their effects on depressive symptom profiles (mood/cognition; somatic; atypical, energy-related). Methods: Baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up data from MooDFOOD were used (n = 933). Participants received (1) placebo supplements, (2) food-related behavioral activation (F-BA) therapy with placebo supplements, (3) multi-nutrient supplements (omega-3 fatty acids and a multi-vitamin), or (4) F-BA therapy with multi-nutrient supplements. Depressive symptom profiles were based on the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology. Results: F-BA therapy was significantly associated with decreased severity of the somatic (B = -0.03, p = 0.014, d = -0.10) and energy-related (B = -0.08, p = 0.001, d = -0.13), but not with the mood/cognition symptom profile, whereas multi-nutrient supplementation was significantly associated with increased severity of the mood/cognition (B = 0.05, p = 0.022, d = 0.09) and the energy-related (B = 0.07, p = 0.002, d = 0.12) but not with the somatic symptom profile. Conclusions: Differentiating depressive symptom profiles indicated that food-related behavioral interventions are most beneficial to alleviate somatic symptoms and symptoms of the atypical, energy-related profile linked to an immuno-metabolic form of depression, although effect sizes were small. Multi-nutrient supplements are not indicated to reduce depressive symptom profiles. These findings show that attention to clinical heterogeneity in depression is of importance when studying dietary interventions.enghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/DietDepression preventionDepressive symptom profilesHeterogeneityresearch articleAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International3382396052151_1010.1017/S00332917210003371469-8978Psychological Medicineopen access2-s2.0-85103823296786855500001L634757999