Predominantly Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype with Mixed M1/M2 Polarization of Peripheral Blood Classical Monocytes and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages among Patients with Excessive Ethanol Intake.

Fernández-Regueras, MaríaCarbonell, CristinaSalete-Granado, DanielGarcía, Juan-LuisGragera, MarcosPérez-Nieto, María-ÁngelesMorán-Plata, Francisco-JavierMayado, AndreaTorres, Jorge-LuisCorchete, Luis-AntonioUsategui-Martín, RicardoBueno-Martínez, ElenaRojas-Pirela, MauraSabio, GuadalupeGonzález-Sarmiento, RogelioOrfao, AlbertoLaso, Francisco-JavierAlmeida, JuliaMarcos, Miguel2024-05-092024-05-092023-09-01Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Sep 1;12(9):1708.2076-3921http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/19323Excessive alcohol consumption impairs the immune system, induces oxidative stress, and triggers the activation of peripheral blood (PB) monocytes, thereby contributing to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). We analyzed the M1/M2 phenotypes of circulating classical monocytes and macrophage-derived monocytes (MDMs) in excessive alcohol drinkers (EADs). PB samples from 20 EADs and 22 healthy controls were collected for isolation of CD14+ monocytes and short-term culture with LPS/IFNγ, IL4/IL13, or without stimulation. These conditions were also used to polarize MDMs into M1, M2, or M0 phenotypes. Cytokine production was assessed in the blood and culture supernatants. M1/M2-related markers were analyzed using mRNA expression and surface marker detection. Additionally, the miRNA profile of CD14+ monocytes was analyzed. PB samples from EADs exhibited increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Following short-term culture, unstimulated blood samples from EADs showed higher levels of soluble TNF-α and IL-8, whereas monocytes expressed increased levels of surface TNF-α and elevated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase. MDMs from EADs showed higher levels of TNF-α and CD206 surface markers and increased IL-10 production. LPS/IFNγ induced higher mRNA expression of Nrf2 only in the controls. miRNA analysis revealed a distinctive miRNA profile that is potentially associated with liver carcinogenesis and ALD through inflammation and oxidative stress. This study confirms the predominantly pro-inflammatory profile of PB monocytes among EADs and suggests immune exhaustion features in MDMs.engVoRhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Predominantly Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype with Mixed M1/M2 Polarization of Peripheral Blood Classical Monocytes and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages among Patients with Excessive Ethanol Intake.Atribución 4.0 Internacional3776001112910.3390/antiox12091708Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)open access