Lozano-Rodríguez, RobertoValentín-Quiroga, JaimeAvendaño-Ortiz, JoséMartín-Quirós, AlejandroPascual-Iglesias, AlejandroTerrón-Arcos, VerónicaMontalbán-Hernández, KarlaCasalvilla-Dueñas, José CarlosBergón-Gutiérrez, MartaAlcamí, JoséGarcía-Pérez, JavierCascajero Díaz, AlmudenaGarcía-Garrido, Miguel ÁngelBalzo-Castillo, Álvaro DelPeinado, MaríaGómez, LauraLlorente-Fernández, IreneMartín-Miguel, GemaHerrero-Benito, CarmenBenito, José MiguelRallón, NormaVela-Olmo, CarmenLópez-Morejón, LissetteCubillos-Zapata, CarolinaAguirre, Luis AFresno, Carlos DelLópez-Collazo, Eduardo2022-05-122022-05-122022-01Cell Rep. 2022 Jan 11;38(2):110235.http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/14394We have analyzed BNT162b2 vaccine-induced immune responses in naive subjects and individuals recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), both soon after (14 days) and later after (almost 8 months) vaccination. Plasma spike (S)-specific immunoglobulins peak after one vaccine shot in individuals recovered from COVID-19, while a second dose is needed in naive subjects, although the latter group shows reduced levels all along the analyzed period. Despite how the neutralization capacity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mirrors this behavior early after vaccination, both groups show comparable neutralizing antibodies and S-specific B cell levels late post-vaccination. When studying cellular responses, naive individuals exhibit higher SARS-CoV-2-specific cytokine production, CD4+ T cell activation, and proliferation than do individuals recovered from COVID-19, with patent inverse correlations between humoral and cellular variables early post-vaccination. However, almost 8 months post-vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific responses are comparable between both groups. Our data indicate that a previous history of COVID-19 differentially determines the functional T and B cell-mediated responses to BNT162b2 vaccination over time.engVoRhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/BNT162b2 vaccineCOVID-19-recoveredSARS-CoV-2Antigen-specific T cellCellular responsesCytokine productionHumoral responsesMemory B cellProliferationSpikeAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional3498632738211023510.1016/j.celrep.2021.1102352211-1247Cell Reportsopen access