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                  <mods:namePart>Mazagatos, Clara</mods:namePart>
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                  <mods:namePart>Casas Flecha, Inmaculada</mods:namePart>
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                  <mods:dateAccessioned encoding="iso8601">2020-01-29T11:48:54Z</mods:dateAccessioned>
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                  <mods:dateIssued encoding="iso8601">2019-11</mods:dateIssued>
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               <mods:identifier type="citation">Euro Surveill. 2019 Nov;24(48):1900604.</mods:identifier>
               <mods:identifier type="doi">10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.48.1900604</mods:identifier>
               <mods:identifier type="e-issn">1560-7917</mods:identifier>
               <mods:identifier type="issn">1560-7917</mods:identifier>
               <mods:identifier type="journal">Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin</mods:identifier>
               <mods:identifier type="pubmedID">31796152</mods:identifier>
               <mods:identifier type="uri">http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/8975</mods:identifier>
               <mods:abstract>Introduction: Influenza A(H3N2) clades 3C.2a and 3C.3a co-circulated in Europe in 2018/19. Immunological imprinting by first childhood influenza infection may induce future birth cohort differences in vaccine effectiveness (VE). Aim: The I-MOVE multicentre primary care test-negative study assessed 2018/19 influenza A(H3N2) VE by age and genetic subgroups to explore VE by birth cohort. Methods: We measured VE against influenza A(H3N2) and (sub)clades. We stratified VE by usual age groups (0-14, 15-64, ≥ 65-years). To assess the imprint-regulated effect of vaccine (I-REV) hypothesis, we further stratified the middle-aged group, notably including 32-54-year-olds (1964-86) sharing potential childhood imprinting to serine at haemagglutinin position 159. Results: Influenza A(H3N2) VE among all ages was -1% (95% confidence interval (CI): -24 to 18) and 46% (95% CI: 8-68), -26% (95% CI: -66 to 4) and 20% (95% CI: -20 to 46) among 0-14, 15-64 and ≥ 65-year-olds, respectively. Among 15-64-year-olds, VE against clades 3C.2a1b and 3C.3a was 15% (95% CI: -34 to 50) and -74% (95% CI: -259 to 16), respectively. VE was -18% (95% CI: -140 to 41), -53% (95% CI: -131 to -2) and -12% (95% CI: -74 to 28) among 15-31-year-olds (1987-2003), 32-54-year-olds (1964-86) and 55-64-year-olds (1954-63), respectively. Discussion: The lowest 2018/19 influenza A(H3N2) VE was against clade 3C.3a and among those born 1964-86, corresponding to the I-REV hypothesis. The low influenza A(H3N2) VE in 15-64-year-olds and the public health impact of the I-REV hypothesis warrant further study.</mods:abstract>
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               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>A(H3N2)</mods:topic>
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               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>Birth cohorts</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>Imprinting</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>Influenza</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>Multicentre study</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>Vaccine effectiveness</mods:topic>
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                  <mods:title>Low 2018/19 vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H3N2) among 15-64-year-olds in Europe: exploration by birth cohort</mods:title>
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