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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Castelló Pastor, Adela author Perez-Gomez, Beatriz author Lora-Pablos, David author Lope Carvajal, Virginia author Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma author Vitelli-Storelli, Facundo author Dierssen-Sotos, Trinidad author Amiano, Pilar author Guevara, Marcela author Moreno, Victor author Lozano-Lorca, Macarena author Tardón, Adonina author Alguacil, Juan author Hernández-García, Marta author Marcos-Gragera, Rafael author Chirlaque López, María Dolores author Ardanaz, Eva author Ibarluzea, Jesús author Gómez-Acebo, Inés author Molina, Antonio J author O'Callaghan-Gordo, Cristina author Aragones, Nuria author Kogevinas, Manolis author Pollan-Santamaria, Marina author García-Pérez, Javier author 2020-01-06 BACKGROUND: Self-reported data about environmental exposures can lead to measurement error. OBJECTIVES: To validate the self-reported perception of proximity to industrial facilities. METHODS: MCC-Spain is a population-based multicase-control study of cancer in Spain that recruited incident cases of breast, colorectal, prostate, and stomach cancer. The participant's current residence and the location of the industries were geocoded, and the linear distance between them was calculated (gold standard). The epidemiological questionnaire included a question to determine whether the participants perceived the presence of any industry at ≤1 km from their residences. Sensitivity and specificity of individuals' perception of proximity to industries were estimated as measures of classification accuracy, and the area under the curve (AUC) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of misclassification were calculated as measures of discrimination. Analyses were performed for all cases and controls, and by tumor location, educational level, sex, industrial sector, and length of residence. Finally, aORs of cancer associated with real and self-reported distances were calculated to explore differences in the estimation of risk between these measures. RESULTS: Sensitivity of the questionnaire was limited (0.48) whereas specificity was excellent (0.89). AUC was sufficient (0.68). Participants with breast (aOR(95%CI) = 2.03 (1.67;2.46)), colorectal (aOR(95%CI) = 1.41 (1.20;1.64)) and stomach (aOR(95%CI) = 1.59 (1.20;2.10)) cancer showed higher risk of misclassification than controls. This risk was higher for lower educational levels (aOR<primaryvs.university (95%CI) = 1.78 (1.44;2.20)), among younger participants (aOR22-54 yearsvs. 73-85 years (95%CI) = 1.32 (1.09;1.60)), and for some industrial sectors: pharmaceutical (aOR(95%CI) = 29.02 (19.52;43.14)), galvanization (aOR(95%CI) = 14.14 (6.78;29.47)), and ceramic (aOR(95%CI) = 12.73 (7.22;22.44)). Participants living ≤1 year in the study area showed a lower risk of misclassification ((aOR≤1vs.>15 years (95%CI) = 0.56 (0.36;0.85)). The use of self-reported proximity vs. real distance to industrial facilities biased the effect on cancer risk towards the nullity. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported distance to industrial facilities can be a useful tool for hypothesis generation, but hypothesis-testing studies should use real distance to report valid conclusions. The sensitivity of the question might be improved with a more specific formulation. Environ Int. 2020 Feb;135:105316. 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105316 1873-6750 01604120 Environment international 31918152 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/8914 AUC Case-control study Industrial pollution MCC-Spain Residential proximity Self-reported perception Sensitivity Specificity Validation of self-reported perception of proximity to industrial facilities: MCC-Spain study