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oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/89012025-05-16T09:12:53Zcom_20.500.12105_2052com_20.500.12105_2051col_20.500.12105_19616

00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Sanchez-Diaz, German author Escobar, Francisco author Badland, Hannah author Arias-Merino, Greta author Posada De la Paz, Manuel author Alonso-Ferreira, Veronica author 2018 The etiology of motor neuron disease (MND) is still unknown. The aims of this study were to: (1) analyze MND mortality at a fine-grained level; and (2) explore associations of MND and heavy metals released into Spanish river basins. MND deaths were extracted from the Spanish nationwide mortality registry (2007⁻2016). Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for MND were estimated at a municipal level. Sites that emitted quantities of heavy metals above the regulatory thresholds were obtained from the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register database (2007⁻2015). The relative risks for non-exposed and exposed municipalities (considering a downstream 20 km river section) by type of heavy metal were analyzed using a log-linear model. SMRs were significantly higher in central and northern municipalities. SMRs were 1.14 (1.10⁻1.17) higher in areas exposed to heavy metals than in non-exposed areas: 0.95 (0.92⁻0.96). Considering the different metals, we found the following increased MND death risks in exposed areas: 20.9% higher risk for lead, 20.0% for zinc, 16.7% for arsenic, 15.7% for chromium, 15.4% for cadmium, 12.7% for copper, and 12.4% for mercury. This study provides associations between MND death risk and heavy metals in exposed municipalities. Further studies investigating heavy metal exposure are needed to progress in MND understanding. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Nov 11;15(11). pii: E2522. 10.3390/ijerph15112522 1660-4601 1660-4601 International journal of environmental research and public health 30423874 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/8901 Environmental factors Geographical analysis Heavy metals Motor neuron disease Population-based mortality Geographic Analysis of Motor Neuron Disease Mortality and Heavy Metals Released to Rivers in Spain