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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Vela, Maria author Del Rosal, Teresa author Pérez-Martínez, Antonio author Valentín, Jaime author Casas Flecha, Inmaculada author Pozo Sanchez, Francisco author Reinoso-Barbero, Francisco author Bueno, David author Corral, Dolores author Méndez-Echevarría, Ana author Mozo, Yasmina author Calvo, Cristina author 2019-12-11 Infection is the leading cause of non-relapse-related mortality after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Altered functions of immune cells in nasal secretions may influence post HSCT susceptibility to viral respiratory infections. In this prospective study, we determined T and NK cell numbers together with NK activation status in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) in HSCT recipients and healthy controls using multiparametric flow cytometry. We also determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the presence of 16 respiratory viruses. Samples were collected pre-HSCT, at day 0, +10, +20 and +30 after HSCT. Peripheral blood (PB) was also analyzed to determine T and NK cell numbers. A total of 27 pediatric HSCT recipients were enrolled and 16 of them had at least one viral detection (60%). Rhinovirus was the most frequent pathogen (84% of positive NPAs). NPAs of patients contained fewer T and NK cells compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0132 and p = 0.120, respectively). Viral PCR + patients showed higher NK cell number in their NPAs. The activating receptors repertoire expressed by NK cells was also higher in NPA samples, especially NKp44 and NKp46. Our study supports NK cells relevance for the immune defense against respiratory viruses in HSCT recipients. Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 11;9(1):18792. 10.1038/s41598-019-55398-y 2045-2322 2045-2322 Scientific reports 31827202 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/8849 Possible role of highly activated mucosal NK cells against viral respiratory infections in children undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation