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                  <mods:namePart>Díaz, J Fernando</mods:namePart>
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                  <mods:namePart>Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)</mods:namePart>
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               <mods:identifier type="citation">Int J Mol Sci. 2019; 20(6):E1392</mods:identifier>
               <mods:identifier type="doi">10.3390/ijms20061392</mods:identifier>
               <mods:identifier type="e-issn">1422-0067</mods:identifier>
               <mods:identifier type="issn">1422-0067</mods:identifier>
               <mods:identifier type="journal">International journal of molecular sciences</mods:identifier>
               <mods:identifier type="pubmedID">30897704</mods:identifier>
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               <mods:abstract>It has been proposed that one of the mechanisms of taxane-site ligand-mediated tubulin activation is modulation of the structure of a switch element (the M-loop) from a disordered form in dimeric tubulin to a folded helical structure in microtubules. Here, we used covalent taxane-site ligands, including cyclostreptin, to gain further insight into this mechanism. The crystal structure of cyclostreptin-bound tubulin reveals covalent binding to βHis229, but no stabilization of the M-loop. The capacity of cyclostreptin to induce microtubule assembly compared to other covalent taxane-site agents demonstrates that the induction of tubulin assembly is not strictly dependent on M-loop stabilization. We further demonstrate that most covalent taxane-site ligands are able to partially overcome drug resistance mediated by βIII-tubulin (βIII) overexpression in HeLa cells, and compare their activities to pironetin, an interfacial covalent inhibitor of tubulin assembly that displays invariant growth inhibition in these cells. Our findings suggest a relationship between a diminished interaction of taxane-site ligands with βIII-tubulin and βIII tubulin-mediated drug resistance. This supports the idea that overexpression of βIII increases microtubule dynamicity by counteracting the enhanced microtubule stability promoted by covalent taxane-site binding ligands.</mods:abstract>
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                  <mods:topic>Cyclostreptin</mods:topic>
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               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>Multidrug resistance</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
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                  <mods:topic>Taxanes</mods:topic>
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               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>Tubulin</mods:topic>
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               <mods:titleInfo>
                  <mods:title>Crystal Structure of the Cyclostreptin-Tubulin Adduct: Implications for Tubulin Activation by Taxane-Site Ligands</mods:title>
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