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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Lope Carvajal, Virginia author Martín, Miguel author Castelló Pastor, Adela author Ruiz, Amparo author Casas, Ana María author Baena-Cañada, José Manuel author Antolín, Silvia author Ramos-Vázquez, Manuel author García-Sáenz, José Ángel author Muñoz, Montserrat author Lluch, Ana author de Juan-Ferré, Ana author Jara, Carlos author Sánchez-Rovira, Pedro author Antón, Antonio author Chacón, José Ignacio author Arcusa, Angels author Jimeno, Mª Angeles author Bezares, Susana author Vioque, Jesus author Carrasco, Eva author Perez-Gomez, Beatriz author Pollan-Santamaria, Marina author 2019-03-07 This study analyzes the association of excessive energy intake and caloric restriction with breast cancer (BC) risk taking into account the individual energy needs of Spanish women. We conducted a multicenter matched case-control study where 973 pairs completed lifestyle and food frequency questionnaires. Expected caloric intake was predicted from a linear regression model in controls, including calories consumed as dependent variable, basal metabolic rate as an offset and physical activity as explanatory. Overeating and caloric restriction were defined taking into account the 99% confidence interval of the predicted value. The association with BC risk, overall and by pathologic subtype, was evaluated using conditional and multinomial logistic regression models. While premenopausal women that consumed few calories (>20% below predicted) had lower BC risk (OR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.21-0.63), postmenopausal women with an excessive intake (≥40% above predicted) showed an increased risk (OR = 2.81; 95% CI = 1.65-4.79). For every 20% increase in relative (observed/predicted) caloric intake the risk of hormone receptor positive (p-trend < 0.001) and HER2+ (p-trend = 0.015) tumours increased 13%, being this figure 7% for triple negative tumours. While high energy intake increases BC risk, caloric restriction could be protective. Moderate caloric restriction, in combination with regular physical activity, could be a good strategy for BC prevention. Sci Rep. 2019 Mar 7;9(1):3904. 2045-2322 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/7346 30846706 10.1038/s41598-019-39346-4 Scientific reports Overeating, caloric restriction and breast cancer risk by pathologic subtype: the EPIGEICAM study