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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Lorenzo-Redondo, Ramon author Delgado, Soledad author Morán, Federico author Lopez-Galindez, Luis Cecilio author 2014 Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) because of high mutation rates, large population sizes, and rapid replication, exhibits complex evolutionary strategies. For the analysis of evolutionary processes, the graphical representation of fitness landscapes provides a significant advantage. The experimental determination of viral fitness remains, in general, difficult and consequently most published fitness landscapes have been artificial, theoretical or estimated. Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) are a class of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the generation of topological ordered maps. Here, three-dimensional (3D) data driven fitness landscapes, derived from a collection of sequences from HIV-1 viruses after "in vitro" passages and labelled with the corresponding experimental fitness values, were created by SOM. These maps were used for the visualization and study of the evolutionary process of HIV-1 "in vitro" fitness recovery, by directly relating fitness values with viral sequences. In addition to the representation of the sequence space search carried out by the viruses, these landscapes could also be applied for the analysis of related variants like members of viral quasiespecies. SOM maps permit the visualization of the complex evolutionary pathways in HIV-1 fitness recovery. SOM fitness landscapes have an enormous potential for the study of evolution in related viruses of "in vitro" works or from "in vivo" clinical studies with human, animal or plant viral infections. PLoS One. 2014 Feb 28;9(2):e88579 10.1371/journal.pone.0088579 1932-6203 PloS one 24586344 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/7263 Realistic three dimensional fitness landscapes generated by self organizing maps for the analysis of experimental HIV-1 evolution