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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Ibarra-Meneses, Ana Victoria author Sanchez Herrero, Carmen author Alvar, Jorge author Moreno, Javier author Carrillo, Eugenia author 2017-09 New biomarkers are needed to identify asymptomatic Leishmania infection as well as immunity following vaccination or treatment. With the aim of finding a robust biomarker to assess an effective cellular immune response, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) was examined in plasma from soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA)-stimulated whole blood collected from subjects living in a Leishmania infantum-endemic area. MCP-1, expressed 110 times more strongly than IL-2, identified 87.5% of asymptomatic subjects and verified some asymptomatic subjects close to the cutoff. MCP-1 was also significantly elevated in all patients cured of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), unlike IL-2, indicating the specific memory response generated against Leishmania. These results show MCP-1 to be a robust candidate biomarker of immunity that could be used as a marker of cure and to both select and follow the population in vaccine phase I-III human clinical trials with developed rapid, easy-to-use field tools. Front Immunol. 2017 Sep 29;8:1208. 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01208 1664-3224 Frontiers in immunology 29033933 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/7252 Asymptomatic infection Biomarker Chemokines Cytokines Leishmaniasis Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 Treatment Whole blood assay Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 in Plasma from Soluble Leishmania Antigen-Stimulated Whole Blood as a Potential Biomarker of the Cellular Immune Response to Leishmania infantum