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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Isern, Joan author Garcia-Garcia, Andres author Martin, Ana M. author Arranz, Lorena author Martin-Perez, Daniel author Torroja, Carlos author Sanchez-Cabo, Fatima author Mendez-Ferrer, Simon author 2014 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteolineage cells contribute to the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche in the bone marrow of long bones. However, their developmental relationships remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that different MSC populations in the developing marrow of long bones have distinct functions. Proliferative mesoderm-derived nestin-MSCs participate in fetal skeletogenesis, and lose MSC activity soon after birth. In contrast, quiescent neural-crest-derived nestin(+) cells in the same bones preserve MSC activity, but do not generate fetal chondrocytes. Instead, they differentiate into HSC-niche-forming MSCs, helping to establish the HSC niche by secreting Cxcl12. Perineural migration of these cells to the bone marrow requires the ErbB3 receptor. The neonatal Nestin-GFP(+) PDGFR alpha(-) cell population also contains Schwann-cell precursors, but does not comprise mature Schwann cells. Thus, in the developing bone marrow HSC-niche-forming MSCs share a common origin with sympathetic peripheral neurons and glial cells, and ontogenically distinct MSCs have non-overlapping functions in endochondrogenesis and HSC niche formation. Elife. 2014 Sep 25;3:e03696 2050-084X http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/5541 25255216 10.7554/eLife.03696 ELIFE BONE-MARROW NICHE PERIPHERAL-NERVES PROGENITOR CELLS BLOOD-VESSELS SCHWANN-CELLS DIFFERENTIATION EXPRESSION OSTEOBLAST RECEPTOR ALPHA The neural crest is a source of mesenchymal stem cells with specialized hematopoietic stem-cell-niche function