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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Del Toro, Raquel author Chevre, Raphael author Rodriguez, Cristina author Ordonez, Antonio author Martinez-Gonzalez, Jose author Andres, Vicente author Mendez-Ferrer, Simon author 2016 Atherosclerosis is a leading death cause. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells participate in atherogenesis, but it is unclear whether other mesenchymal cells contribute to this process. Bone marrow (BM) nestin(+) cells cooperate with endothelial cells in directing monocyte egress to bloodstream in response to infections. However, it remains unknown whether nestin(+) cells regulate inflammatory cells in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Here, we show that nestin(+) cells direct inflammatory cell migration during chronic inflammation. In Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice fed with high-fat diet, BM nestin(+) cells regulate the egress of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils. In the aorta, nestin(+) stromal cells increase similar to 30 times and contribute to the atheroma plaque. Mcp1 deletion in nestin(+) cells-but not in endothelial cells only-increases circulating inflammatory cells, but decreases their aortic infiltration, delaying atheroma plaque formation and aortic valve calcification. Therefore, nestin expression marks cells that regulate inflammatory cell migration during atherosclerosis. Nat Commun. 2016; 7:12706 10.1038/ncomms12706 2041-1723 Nature Communications 27586429 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/5185 MYELOID CALCIFYING CELLS SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS PROGENITOR CELLS VASA-VASORUM STEM-CELLS HEMATOPOIETIC STEM MONOCYTE RECRUITMENT NEOINTIMA FORMATION ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS MESENCHYMAL STEM Nestin(+) cells direct inflammatory cell migration in atherosclerosis