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Repisalud author Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu author Saugar, Jose Maria author Yimer, Mulat author Hailu, Tadesse author Aparicio, Pilar author Herrador, Zaida author Rodríguez, Esperanza author Anegagrie, Melaku author Arroyo, Ana author Benito, Agustin author López-Quintana, Beatriz author Abera, Bayeh author Yizengaw, Endalew author Zewdie, Derejew author Ayehubizu, Zimman author Mulu, Wondemagegn author Echazú, Adriana author Krolewieki, Alejandro J. funder Fundación Mundo Sano funder RETICS-Investigación colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET-ISCIII) (España) 2017-09-04T16:35:45Z 2017-09-04T16:35:45Z 2016-12-01 Parasit Vectors. 2016; 9:617 10.1186/s13071-016-1912-8 1756-3305 Parasites & Vectors 27903301 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/4858 Background: Soil-transmitted helminthiases (hookworms, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura) are extremely prevalent in school-aged children living in poor sanitary conditions. Recent epidemiological data suggest that Strongyloides stercoralis is highly unreported. However, accurate data are essential for conducting interventions aimed at introducing control and elimination programmes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 396 randomly selected school-aged children in Amhara region in rural area in north-western Ethiopia, to assess the prevalence of S. stercoralis and other intestinal helminths. We examined stools using three techniques: conventional stool concentration; and two S. stercoralis-specific methods, i.e. the Baermann technique and polymerase chain reaction. The diagnostic accuracy of these three methods was then compared. Results: There was an overall prevalence of helminths of 77.5%, with distribution differing according to school setting. Soil-transmitted helminths were recorded in 69.2%. Prevalence of S. stercoralis and hookworm infection was 20.7 and 54.5%, respectively, and co-infection was detected in 16.3% of cases. Schistosoma mansoni had a prevalence of 15.7%. Prevalence of S. stercoralis was shown 3.5% by the conventional method, 12.1% by the Baermann method, and 13.4% by PCR, which thus proved to be the most sensitive. Conclusions: Our results suggest that S. stercoralis could be overlooked and neglected in Ethiopia, if studies of soil-transmitted helminths rely on conventional diagnostic techniques alone. A combination of molecular and stool microscopy techniques yields a significantly higher prevalence. In view of the fact that current control policies for triggering drug administration are based on parasite prevalence levels, a comprehensive diagnostic approach should instead be applied to ensure comprehensive control of helminth infections. eng Soil-transmitted helminths Strongyloides stercoralis Baermann technique Molecular techniques Neglected Ethiopia High prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis in school-aged children in a rural highland of north-western Ethiopia: the role of intensive diagnostic work-up research article URL https://repisalud.isciii.es/bitstreams/b8ab47e9-cb06-49d8-97de-91191ce9f074/download File MD5 1bf350ada23366a10bf12d67e08f0532 717361 application/pdf HighPrevalenceOfStrongyloides_2016 URL https://repisalud.isciii.es/bitstreams/3d11163a-1bfe-4c38-ab1c-e50247e72846/download File MD5 ea160dbe01b01d8446723bc9ed817c27 34658 text/plain 13071_2016_Article_1912.pdf.txt URL https://repisalud.isciii.es/bitstreams/669d2728-15ee-44b1-a15d-303c98896633/download File MD5 ea160dbe01b01d8446723bc9ed817c27 34658 text/plain HighPrevalenceOfStrongyloides_2016.txt URL https://repisalud.isciii.es/bitstreams/2effddd8-1956-48b4-b524-0d9d6d250e1d/download File MD5 ea160dbe01b01d8446723bc9ed817c27 34658 text/plain HighPrevalenceOfStrongyloides_2016.txt