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oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/48362025-06-18T12:32:42Zcom_20.500.12105_2052com_20.500.12105_2051col_20.500.12105_19613

00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Cebrecos, Alba author Díez, Julia author Gullen, Pedro author Bilal, Usama author Franco, Manuel author Escobar, Francisco author 2016-10-04 Background: Healthier urban environments influence the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors. Our aim was to design and implement a multicomponent method based on Geographic Information Systems to characterize and evaluate environmental correlates of obesity: the food and the physical activity urban environments. Methods: Study location comprised a socio-demographically average urban area of 12 contiguous census sections (≈16,000 residents), in Madrid, Spain. We conducted on-field audits on all food stores and street segments. We designed a synthetic index integrating continuous measures of both environments, by kernel density analyses. Index ranges from 0 to 100 (least-most healthy). Results: We found a heterogeneous distribution with 75 and 50 % of the area scoring less than 36.8 and 25.5, respectively. Census sections of study area were categorized by Jenks intervals as high, medium-high, medium-low and low. 41.0 % of residents lived in an area with a low score, 23.6 % medium-low and 31.1 % medium-high and 4.2 % in a high. Conclusion: The proposed synthetic index may be a relevant tool to inform urban health interventions, providing a feasible way to integrate different measures of barriers and facilitators of healthy urban environments in terms of food and physical activity. Int J Health Geogr. 2016; 15:35 10.1186/s12942-016-0065-5 1476-072X International Journal of Health Geographics http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/4836 Synthetic index Geographic Information Systems Healthy food availability Physical activity Obesogenic environments Characterizing physical activity and food urban environments: a GIS-based multicomponent proposal