2026-06-14T00:27:23Zhttps://repisalud.isciii.es/rest/oai/request

oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/274032026-04-02T00:21:45Zcom_20.500.12105_2052com_20.500.12105_2051col_20.500.12105_19609col_20.500.12105_19610

00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Soto-Debrán, Juan Carlos author Sanchez Iñigo, Francisco Javier author Calvo-López, Alejandro B author Alguacil-Cuéllar, Laura author Hrynzovska, Anastasiia A author Mellado, Emilia author Garcia Dos Santos-Alves, Saul author Alastruey-Izquierdo, Ana author 2026-01-23 Introduction: Aspergillus fumigatus has been designated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a critical fungal pathogen. Its spores are commonly present in the air and are inhaled daily. Azoles are the first-line treatment for Aspergillus infections, but the emergence of resistance is a growing concern. However, limited data exist on the occurrence of azole-resistant A. fumigatus in the outdoor environment in Spain. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates in outdoor air at two distinct locations in Madrid. We characterized the isolates using TRESPERG genotyping and examined the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for azole resistance development. Results: Azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates were found in 55% of the 20 air samples collected. Among the 200 A. fumigatus isolates analyzed, 38.5% were azole resistant and were classified into 10 different genotypes. Notably, the TR34/L98H mutation in Cyp51A was found in 77% of the resistant isolates, while 23% showed no mutations in the screened targets (cyp51A, cyp51B, or hmg1). Discussion: This study revealed a high prevalence of azole-resistant A. fumigatus in outdoor environmental air, with the TR34/L98H mutation being the main mechanism of azole resistance. A close genetic relationship was observed among the resistant isolates. This research underscores the need for continued monitoring of environmental azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates and highlights the importance of understanding genetic diversity and resistance mechanisms to develop effective strategies for fungal infection control. Soto-Debrán JC, Sánchez-Íñigo FJ, Calvo-López AB, Alguacil-Cuéllar L, Hrynzovska AA, Mellado E, García Dos Santos S, Alcazar-Fuoli L and Alastruey-Izquierdo A (2026) High prevalence of azole resistance among environmental Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from outdoor air in Madrid, Spain. Front. Microbiol. 16:1722314. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1722314. 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1722314 Frontiers in Microbiology 41669696 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/27403 Aspergillus fumigatus One Health Airborne fungi Antifungal resistance Environmental fungi Genotyping High prevalence of azole resistance among environmental isolates from outdoor air in Madrid, Spain.