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                  <mods:namePart>Merad, Miriam</mods:namePart>
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                  <mods:namePart>Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio A</mods:namePart>
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               <mods:identifier type="citation">Nat Commun  . 2018 Jan 2;9(1):21.</mods:identifier>
               <mods:identifier type="journal">Nature Communications</mods:identifier>
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               <mods:identifier type="uri">https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/27261</mods:identifier>
               <mods:abstract>Cancer cell dissemination during very early stages of breast cancer proceeds through poorly understood mechanisms. Here we show, in a mouse model of HER2 breast cancer, that a previously described sub-population of early-evolved cancer cells requires macrophages for early dissemination. Depletion of macrophages specifically during pre-malignant stages reduces early dissemination and also results in reduced metastatic burden at end stages of cancer progression. Mechanistically, we show that, in pre-malignant lesions, CCL2 produced by cancer cells and myeloid cells attracts CD206/Tie2 macrophages and induces Wnt-1 upregulation that in turn downregulates E-cadherin junctions in the HER2 early cancer cells. We also observe macrophage-containing tumor microenvironments of metastasis structures in the pre-malignant lesions that can operate as portals for intravasation. These data support a causal role for macrophages in early dissemination that affects long-term metastasis development much later in cancer progression. A pilot analysis on human specimens revealed intra-epithelial macrophages and loss of E-cadherin junctions in ductal carcinoma in situ, supporting a potential clinical relevance.</mods:abstract>
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                  <mods:topic>COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR</mods:topic>
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                  <mods:title>Macrophages orchestrate breast cancer early dissemination and metastasis.</mods:title>
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