<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-06-14T02:28:43Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/27198" metadataPrefix="marc">https://repisalud.isciii.es/rest/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/27198</identifier><datestamp>2026-01-30T01:19:25Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_20.500.12105_2052</setSpec><setSpec>com_20.500.12105_2051</setSpec><setSpec>col_20.500.12105_19609</setSpec></header><metadata><record xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">García-Cobos, Silvia</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Arroyo, Margarita</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Pérez-Vázquez, María</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Aracil, Belen</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Lara Fuella, Noelia</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Oteo-Iglesias, Jesus</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Cercenado, Emilia</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Campos, Jose</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="260">
      <subfield code="c">2014-01</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Objectives: The epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae has changed in recent years. β-Lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) invasive isolates have recently been described in Europe but their clinical significance is unclear. Our main goal was to determine whether invasive H. influenzae remains susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics indicated in the treatment of invasive infections. Methods: The antibiotic susceptibility of 307 invasive H. influenzae isolates to seven β-lactam antibiotics was determined by microdilution and interpreted by EUCAST and CLSI breakpoints. We also identified the bla genes, the amino acid substitutions in the transpeptidase domain of penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3), the molecular epidemiology of invasive BLNAR isolates by PFGE and MLST, and the time-kill curves of two isolates with PBP3 mutations conferring reduced susceptibility to aminopenicillins and cephalosporins. Results: Of the invasive isolates, 86.6% were non-typeable and 62% were isolated from adults. Decreased susceptibility to β-lactams was due to the BLNAR genotype (gBLNAR; 19.2%) and to β-lactamase production (16.9%). Susceptibility rates to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, cefixime and imipenem were greater than 98%. Of 18 gBLNAR non-typeable isolates studied by MLST, 15 different STs were obtained. Amoxicillin and cefotaxime were bactericidal after 2 and 4 h of incubation, respectively. Conclusions: Invasive H. influenzae disease was mainly due to non-typeable isolates infecting adults, and the most common mechanism of β-lactam resistance was mutations in the transpeptidase domain of PBP3. The gBLNAR non-typeable isolates were genetically diverse. The majority of invasive H. influenzae remained susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins; amoxicillin and cefotaxime were bactericidal in two gBLNAR isolates.</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Silvia García-Cobos, Margarita Arroyo, María Pérez-Vázquez, Belén Aracil, Noelia Lara, Jesús Oteo, Emilia Cercenado, José Campos, Isolates of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae causing invasive infections in Spain remain susceptible to cefotaxime and imipenem, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 69, Issue 1, January 2014, Pages 111–116, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkt324.</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">10.1093/jac/dkt324</subfield>
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   <datafield ind1="8" ind2=" " tag="024">
      <subfield code="a">Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy</subfield>
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   <datafield ind1="8" ind2=" " tag="024">
      <subfield code="a">23943391</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/27198</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">PBP3</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Bacteraemia</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">β-lactams</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2="0" ind1="0" tag="245">
      <subfield code="a">Isolates of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae causing invasive infections in Spain remain susceptible to cefotaxime and imipenem.</subfield>
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