2026-05-21T23:54:47Zhttps://repisalud.isciii.es/rest/oai/request

oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/271872026-01-29T01:18:18Zcom_20.500.12105_2052com_20.500.12105_2051col_20.500.12105_19608

00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Signes-Pastor, Antonio J author Gutiérrez-González, Enrique author García-Villarino, Miguel author Rodriguez-Cabrera, Francisco David author López-Moreno, Jorge J author Varea-Jiménez, Elena author Pastor-Barriuso, Roberto author Pollan-Santamaria, Marina author Navas-Acien, Ana author Perez-Gomez, Beatriz author Karagas, Margaret R author 2021-04 This systematic review summarizes the current evidence related to the reliability of toenail total arsenic concentrations (thereafter "arsenic") as a biomarker of long-term exposure. Specifically, we reviewed literature on consistency of repeated measures over time, association with other biomarkers and metal concentrations, factors influencing concentrations, and associations with health effects. We identified 129 papers containing quantitative original data on arsenic in toenail samples covering populations from 29 different countries. We observed geographic differences in toenail arsenic concentrations, with highest median or mean concentrations in Asian countries. Arsenic-contaminated drinking water, occupational exposure or living in specific industrial areas were associated with an increased toenail arsenic content. The effects of other potential determinants and sources of arsenic exposure including diet, gender and age on the concentrations in toenails need further investigations. Toenail arsenic was correlated with the concentrations in hair and fingernails, and with urine arsenic mainly among highly exposed populations with a toenail mean or median ≥1 μg/g. Overall, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that arsenic content from a single toenail sample may reflect long-term internal dose-exposure. Toenail arsenic can serve as a reliable measure of toxic inorganic arsenic exposure in chronic disease research, particularly promising for cancer and cardiovascular conditions. Signes-Pastor AJ, Gutiérrez-González E, García-Villarino M, Rodríguez-Cabrera FD, López-Moreno JJ, Varea-Jiménez E, Pastor-Barriuso R, Pollán M, Navas-Acien A, Pérez-Gómez B, Karagas MR. Toenails as a biomarker of exposure to arsenic: A review. Environ Res. 2021 Apr;195:110286. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110286. Epub 2020 Oct 16. PMID: 33075355; PMCID: PMC7987585. 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110286 Environmental Research 33075355 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/27187 Arsenic Biomarker Biomonitoring Exposure Toenail Toenails as a biomarker of exposure to arsenic: A review.