2026-07-22T09:50:37Zhttps://repisalud.isciii.es/rest/oai/requestoai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/271832026-01-28T01:18:04Zcom_20.500.12105_2052com_20.500.12105_2051col_20.500.12105_19609
Repisalud
author
Donoso, Ana
author
Moreno-Lorenzo, Maria
author
Delgado, Elena
author
Cañada-Garcia, Javier Enrique
author
Iribarren, José Antonio
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Salicio, Yolanda
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Benito, Sonia
author
Lorente-Sorolla, Clara
author
Del Romero-Guerrero, Jorge
author
Baza-Caraciolo, María Begoña
author
Díez-Fuertes, Francisco
author
Zamarrón, Pilar
author
Téllez, Raquel
author
Miqueleiz, Ana
author
Gómez-González, Carmen
author
Cortizo, Sandra
author
Morano, Luis
author
Thomson, Michael M
2026-01-27T12:41:09Z
2026-01-27T12:41:09Z
2026-01-12
Donoso A, Moreno-Lorenzo M, Delgado E, Cañada-García JE, Iribarren JA, Salicio Y, Benito S, Lorente-Sorolla C, Del Romero-Guerrero J, Baza-Caraciolo MB, et al. Viruses Previously Classified as CRF146_BC, a Circulating Recombinant Form of HIV-1 Recently Reported in Brazil, Represent Different Recombinant Forms, One of Which Is Circulating in Spain. Viruses. 2026; 18(1):101. https://doi.org/10.3390/v18010101.
10.3390/v18010101
1999-4915
Viruses
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/27183
Circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) are important components of the HIV-1 pandemic. Previous studies have reported the propagation of diverse HIV-1 CRFs of South American origin in Europe. Here, through protease-reverse transcriptase (Pr-RT) and integrase sequence analyses, we identify a Spanish cluster (BC3) branching with a Brazilian virus (10BR_RJ009) previously classified as CRF146_BC. In Pr-RT, BC3 comprised 14 viruses and was nested within a larger cluster, comprising 22 Brazilian viruses and 1 Spanish virus branching outside of BC3. Near full-length genome analyses of five BC3 viruses revealed mosaic structures identical to 10BR_RJ009, with two breakpoints delimiting a ~0.3 kb subtype B fragment within an otherwise subtype C genome. Two other Brazilian viruses previously classified as CRF146_BC (10BR_RJ039 and 01_BR_RGS69) had one and two additional short subtype B fragments, respectively, and failed to group with the 10BR_RJ009/BC3 cluster in subtype C fragments. Based on these results, we contend that 10BR_RJ009 and BC3 viruses, but not 10BR_RJ039 and 01_BR_RGS69, should be classified as CRF146_BC. Bayesian analyses estimated the CRF146_BC emergence in Brazil to be around 1999 and its introduction in Europe around 2011. CRF146_BC is the 10th CRF of South American origin reported to circulate in Europe, reflecting the relationship between South American and European HIV-1 epidemics.
eng
HIV-1
Circulating recombinant forms
Unique recombinant forms
Genetic diversity
Phylogeny
Phylodynamics
Viruses Previously Classified as CRF146_BC, a Circulating Recombinant Form of HIV-1 Recently Reported in Brazil, Represent Different Recombinant Forms, One of Which Is Circulating in Spain.
research article
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VirusesPreviouslyClassifiedCRF146_BC_2026.pdf
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Supplementary_VirusesPreviouslyClassifiedCRF146_BC_2026.zip
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Data_GenBank_VirusesPreviouslyClassifiedCRF146_BC_2026.txt