2026-07-22T09:50:31Zhttps://repisalud.isciii.es/rest/oai/request

oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/271832026-01-28T01:18:04Zcom_20.500.12105_2052com_20.500.12105_2051col_20.500.12105_19609

00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Donoso, Ana author Moreno-Lorenzo, Maria author Delgado, Elena author Cañada-Garcia, Javier Enrique author Iribarren, José Antonio author Salicio, Yolanda author Benito, Sonia author Lorente-Sorolla, Clara author Del Romero-Guerrero, Jorge author Baza-Caraciolo, María Begoña author Díez-Fuertes, Francisco author Zamarrón, Pilar author Téllez, Raquel author Miqueleiz, Ana author Gómez-González, Carmen author Cortizo, Sandra author Morano, Luis author Thomson, Michael M author 2026-01-12 Circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) are important components of the HIV-1 pandemic. Previous studies have reported the propagation of diverse HIV-1 CRFs of South American origin in Europe. Here, through protease-reverse transcriptase (Pr-RT) and integrase sequence analyses, we identify a Spanish cluster (BC3) branching with a Brazilian virus (10BR_RJ009) previously classified as CRF146_BC. In Pr-RT, BC3 comprised 14 viruses and was nested within a larger cluster, comprising 22 Brazilian viruses and 1 Spanish virus branching outside of BC3. Near full-length genome analyses of five BC3 viruses revealed mosaic structures identical to 10BR_RJ009, with two breakpoints delimiting a ~0.3 kb subtype B fragment within an otherwise subtype C genome. Two other Brazilian viruses previously classified as CRF146_BC (10BR_RJ039 and 01_BR_RGS69) had one and two additional short subtype B fragments, respectively, and failed to group with the 10BR_RJ009/BC3 cluster in subtype C fragments. Based on these results, we contend that 10BR_RJ009 and BC3 viruses, but not 10BR_RJ039 and 01_BR_RGS69, should be classified as CRF146_BC. Bayesian analyses estimated the CRF146_BC emergence in Brazil to be around 1999 and its introduction in Europe around 2011. CRF146_BC is the 10th CRF of South American origin reported to circulate in Europe, reflecting the relationship between South American and European HIV-1 epidemics. Donoso A, Moreno-Lorenzo M, Delgado E, Cañada-García JE, Iribarren JA, Salicio Y, Benito S, Lorente-Sorolla C, Del Romero-Guerrero J, Baza-Caraciolo MB, et al. Viruses Previously Classified as CRF146_BC, a Circulating Recombinant Form of HIV-1 Recently Reported in Brazil, Represent Different Recombinant Forms, One of Which Is Circulating in Spain. Viruses. 2026; 18(1):101. https://doi.org/10.3390/v18010101. 10.3390/v18010101 1999-4915 Viruses https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/27183 HIV-1 Circulating recombinant forms Unique recombinant forms Genetic diversity Phylogeny Phylodynamics Viruses Previously Classified as CRF146_BC, a Circulating Recombinant Form of HIV-1 Recently Reported in Brazil, Represent Different Recombinant Forms, One of Which Is Circulating in Spain.