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oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/266542025-12-18T12:59:34Zcom_20.500.12105_2052com_20.500.12105_2051com_20.500.12105_15322col_20.500.12105_19609col_20.500.12105_16988

00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Monge-Maillo, Begoña author Roger-Zapata, Daniel author Dronda, Fernando author Carrillo, Eugenia author Moreno, Javier author Corbacho-Loarte, María Dolores author Gayoso Cantero, Diego author Martín, Oihane author Chamorro-Tojeiro, Sandra author Perez-Molina, Jose A author Norman, Francesca author González-Sanz, Marta author López-Vélez, Rogelio author 2025-03-19 Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the incidence of VL/HIV dramatically. However, HAART only partially prevents relapses, with one-year relapse rates ranging from 30 to 60%. Consequently, secondary prophylaxis is recommended for patients with <200 CD4+ cells/μL. In clinical practice, characterizing cellular immune response could help estimate the risk of relapse in VL/HIV coinfected patients. In this study, the lymphoproliferative response after stimulation with soluble antigen was assessed in 2022 and 2023 in three cases of VL/HIV coinfection with long-term follow-up (17, 8 and 19 years). PCR and rK-39 results for , HIV viral load, CD4 cell count, proliferation index, IFN-γ, IL-2, IP-10, IL-10 and TNF-α were determined. Heterogeneous results were obtained, with only one patient having developed specific cellular immunity against . No cases of relapse were observed. The heterogeneity of lymphoproliferative test results in the three cases described highlights the need to identify surrogate markers of cure to guide maintenance or withdrawal of prophylaxis. Monge-Maillo B, Roger-Zapata D, Dronda F, Carrillo E, Moreno J, Corbacho-Loarte MD, Gayoso Cantero D, Martín O, Chamorro-Tojeiro S, Perez-Molina JA, Norman F, González-Sanz M, López-Vélez R. Case Report: Long-Term Follow-Up of Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV Coinfected Patients Without Relapse: Lymphoproliferative Response After Stimulation with Soluble Leishmania Antigen. Microorganisms. 2025 Mar 19;13(3):686. 10.3390/microorganisms13030686 2076-2607 Microorganisms 40142579 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/26654 HIV Lymphoproliferative response Recurrence Relapse Secondary prevention Visceral leishmaniasis Case Report: Long-Term Follow-Up of Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV Coinfected Patients Without Relapse: Lymphoproliferative Response After Stimulation with Soluble Antigen