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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Hernansanz-Agustín, Pablo author Enríquez, José Antonio author 2023-01-01 Oxidative phosphorylation is a common process to most organisms in which the main function is to generate an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and to make energy available to the cell. However, plants, many fungi and some animals maintain non-energy conserving oxidases which serve as a bypass to coupled respiration. Namely, the alternative NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase NDI1, present in the complex I (CI)-lacking Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the alternative oxidase, ubiquinol:oxygen oxidoreductase AOX, present in many organisms across different kingdoms. In the last few years, these alternative oxidases have been used to dissect previously indivisible processes in bioenergetics and have helped to discover, understand, and corroborate important processes in mitochondria. Here, we review how the use of alternative oxidases have contributed to the knowledge in CI stability, bioenergetics, redox biology, and the implications of their use in current and future research. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg. 2023 Jan 1;1864(1):148936. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Bioenergetics. 36395975 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/25851 AOX Alternative oxidase CoQ pool Oxphos ROS Alternative respiratory oxidases to study the animal electron transport chain.