2026-04-29T01:50:35Zhttps://repisalud.isciii.es/rest/oai/request

oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/237072024-11-28T23:57:14Zcom_20.500.12105_15322com_20.500.12105_2051col_20.500.12105_16967

00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Rial, Rubén V author Akaârir, Mourad author Canellas, Francesca author Barceló, Pere author Rubiño Díaz, Jose Ángel author Martín-Reina, Aida author Gamundí, Antoni author Nicolau Llobera, Maria Cristina author 2023-01-14 This report proposes that fish use the spinal-rhombencephalic regions of their brain to support their activities while awake. Instead, the brainstem-diencephalic regions support the wakefulness in amphibians and reptiles. Lastly, mammals developed the telencephalic cortex to attain the highest degree of wakefulness, the cortical wakefulness. However, a paralyzed form of spinal-rhombencephalic wakefulness remains in mammals in the form of REMS, whose phasic signs are highly efficient in promoting maternal care to mammalian litter. Therefore, the phasic REMS is highly adaptive. However, their importance is low for singletons, in which it is a neutral trait, devoid of adaptive value for adults, and is mal-adaptive for marine mammals. Therefore, they lost it. The spinal-rhombencephalic and cortical wakeful states disregard the homeostasis: animals only attend their most immediate needs: foraging defense and reproduction. However, these activities generate allostatic loads that must be recovered during NREMS, that is a paralyzed form of the amphibian-reptilian subcortical wakefulness. Regarding the regulation of tonic REMS, it depends on a hypothalamic switch. Instead, the phasic REMS depends on an independent proportional pontine control. Rial R V., Akaârir M, Canellas F, Barceló P, Rubiño JA, Martín-Reina A, et al. Mammalian NREM and REM sleep: Why, when and how. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2023 Mar;146(September 2022):105041. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/18545 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/23707 36646258 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105041 1873-7528 Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews L640039042 Mammalian NREM and REM sleep: Why, when and how