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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Ni, Jiaqi author Nishi, Stephanie K author Babio, Nancy author Ros, Emilio author Basterra-Gortari, F Javier author Corella, Dolores author Castañer, O author Martínez, J Alfredo author Alonso-Gómez, Ángel M author Wärnberg, Julia author Vioque, Jesus author Romaguera, Dora author López-Miranda, José author Estruch, Ramon author Tinahones, Francisco J author Santos-Lozano, José Manuel author Serra-Majem, Lluis author Cano-Ibáñez, Naomi author Tur, Josep A author Fernández-García, José Manuel author Pintó, Xavier author Delgado-Rodriguez, Miguel author Matía-Martín, Pilar author Vidal, Josep author Vazquez, Clotilde author Daimiel, Lidia author Fernández-Aranda, Fernando author Ruiz-Canela, Miguel author Mestres Solà, Cristina author Portolés, Olga author Sala-Vila, Aleix author Garcia-Rios, Antonio author Compañ-Gabucio, Laura María author Gómez-Gracia, Enrique author Zulet, M Angeles author Chaplin, Alice author Casas, Rosa author Martínez-Diz, Silvia author Tojal-Sierra, Lucas author Gómez-Pérez, Ana María author Toledo, Estefanía author Rios, Santiago author Ortega-Azorín, Carolina author de la Torre, Rafael author Peña-Orihuela, Patricia J author Garcia-de la Hera, Manuela author Sayon-Orea, Carmen author Malcampo, Mireia author Salas-Salvado, Jordi author Ni, Jiaqi author Nishi, Stephanie K author Babio, Nancy author Ros, Emilio author Basterra-Gortari, F Javier author Corella, Dolores author Castañer, O author Martínez, J Alfredo author Alonso-Gómez, Ángel M author Wärnberg, Julia author Vioque, Jesus author Romaguera, Dora author López-Miranda, José author Estruch, Ramon author Tinahones, Francisco J author Santos-Lozano, José Manuel author Serra-Majem, Lluis author Cano-Ibáñez, Naomi author Tur, Josep A author Fernández-García, José Manuel author Pintó, Xavier author Delgado-Rodriguez, Miguel author Matía-Martín, Pilar author Vidal, Josep author Vazquez, Clotilde author Daimiel, Lidia author Fernández-Aranda, Fernando author Ruiz-Canela, Miguel author Mestres Solà, Cristina author Portolés, Olga author Sala-Vila, Aleix author Garcia-Rios, Antonio author Compañ-Gabucio, Laura María author Gómez-Gracia, Enrique author Zulet, M Angeles author Chaplin, Alice author Casas, Rosa author Martínez-Diz, Silvia author Tojal-Sierra, Lucas author Gómez-Pérez, Ana María author Toledo, Estefanía author Rios, Santiago author Ortega-Azorín, Carolina author de la Torre, Rafael author Peña-Orihuela, Patricia J author Garcia-de la Hera, Manuela author Sayon-Orea, Carmen author Malcampo, Mireia author Salas-Salvado, Jordi author 2023-06-01 Background: Tree nuts and peanuts (henceforth, nuts) are nutrient-dense foods rich in neuroprotective components; thus, their consumption could benefit cognitive health. However, evidence to date is limited and inconsistent regarding the potential benefits of nuts for cognitive function. Objective: To prospectively evaluate the association between nut consumption and 2-y changes in cognitive performance in older adults at cognitive decline risk. Methods: A total of 6,630 participants aged 55 to 75 y (mean age 65.0±4.9 y, 48.4% women) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome completed a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests at baseline and a 2-y follow-up. Composite cognitive scores were used to assess global, general, attention, and executive function domains. Nut consumption was categorized as <1, ≥1 to <3, ≥3 to <7, and ≥7 servings/wk (1 serving=30 g). Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to assess associations between baseline nut consumption and 2-y cognitive changes. Results: Nut consumption was positively associated with 2-y changes in general cognitive function (P-trend <0.001). Compared with participants consuming <1 serving/wk of nuts, those categorized as consuming ≥3 to <7 and ≥7 servings/wk showed more favorable changes in general cognitive performance (β z-score [95% CI] = 0.06 [0.00,0.12] and 0.13 [0.06,0.20], respectively). No significant changes were observed in the multivariable-adjusted models for other cognitive domains assessed. Conclusion: Frequent nut consumption was associated with a smaller decline in general cognitive performance over 2 y in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. Randomized clinical trials to verify our findings are warranted. Ni J, Nishi SK, Babio N, Ros E, Basterra-Gortari FJ, Corella D, et al. Higher versus lower nut consumption and changes in cognitive performance over two years in a population at risk of cognitive decline: a cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2023 Jun 1; 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.032 1938-3207 The American journal of clinical nutrition https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/19049 37269908 L641487889 2-s2.0-85163414278 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/23675 1051859400001 Higher versus lower nut consumption and changes in cognitive performance over two years in a population at risk of cognitive decline: a cohort study