<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-06-14T02:28:08Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/23186" metadataPrefix="marc">https://repisalud.isciii.es/rest/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/23186</identifier><datestamp>2024-11-28T17:42:26Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_20.500.12105_15322</setSpec><setSpec>com_20.500.12105_2051</setSpec><setSpec>col_20.500.12105_16961</setSpec><setSpec>col_20.500.12105_16967</setSpec><setSpec>col_20.500.12105_16974</setSpec><setSpec>col_20.500.12105_16983</setSpec></header><metadata><record xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
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      <subfield code="a">Perez-Sola, Victor</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Roca, Miquel</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Alonso, Jordi</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Gabilondo, Andrea</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Hernando, Teresa</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Sicras-Mainar, Antoni</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Sicras-Navarro, Aram</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Herrera, Berta</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Vieta, Eduard</subfield>
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      <subfield code="c">2021-12-01</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Background: To determine the incidence of Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) in Spain and to estimate its economic burden, using real world data. Methods: A retrospective, observational-study was carried out using data from the BIG-PAC database (R). Patients aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of major depressive-disorder (MDD) who initiated a new antidepressant treatment in 2015-2017 were included. The patients were classified as TRD and non-TRD. Patients were classified as TRD if they had, during the first year of antidepressant treatment: a) failure with ≥ 2 antidepressants including the prescription of ≥ 3 antidepressants (N06A) or ≥ 2 antidepressant and ≥ 1 antipsychotic (N05A; including lithium) b) antidepressants administered for ≥ 4 weeks each, and c) the time between the end of one treatment and the initiation of the next was ≤ 90 days. Inherent limitations of data collection from databases should also be considered in this analysis (e.g., lack of information about adherence to treatment). Follow-up period: 18 months. The incidence rate was calculated as the number of TRD patients per 1,000 persons-year divided by the population attended. Outcomes: direct healthcare and indirect costs. Two sensitivity analyses were performed varying the index date and the period used to define TRD patients (6 vs.12 months). Results: 21,630 patients with MDD aged ≥ 18 years (mean age: 53.2 years; female: 67.2%) were analyzed, of whom 3,559 met TRD criteria, yielding a 3-year cumulative incidence of 16.5% (95%CI: 16%-17%) among MDD patients. The annual population incidence rate of TRD in 2015-2017, was 0.59, 1.02 and 1.18/1,000 personyears, respectively (mean: 0.93/1,000 person-year). Overall, mean total costs per MDD patient were €4,147.9, being higher for TRD than for non-TRD patients (€6,096 vs. €3,846; p&lt;0.001): a) direct costs (€1,341 vs. €624; p&lt;0.001), b) lost productivity (€1,274 vs. €821; p&lt;0.001) and c) permanent disability (€3,481 vs. €2,401; p&lt;0.001, adjusted). Sensitivity analyses showed no differences with the reported results. Conclusions: The population based TRD incidence in Spain was similar to recent data from other European countries. TRD is associated with greater resource use and higher costs compared with non-TRD patients.</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Perez-Sola V, Roca M, Alonso J, Gabilondo A, Hernando T, Sicras-Mainar A, et al. Economic impact of treatment-resistant depression: A retrospective observational study. J Affect Disord. 2021 Dec 1;295:578-86.</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.036</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Journal of Affective Disorders</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/19552</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">34509073</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Treatment-resistant depression</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Economic impact of treatment-resistant depression: A retrospective observational study</subfield>
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