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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Plaza, V author Giner, J author Curto, E author Alonso-Ortiz, MB author Orue, MI author Vega, JM author García-Cosío, Borja author RE-TAI Study author 2021 Background: The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) recommends the concurrent use of self-report and pharmacy refill data to assess treatment adherence. However, clinical evidence to support this combined approach is limited. Objective: To determine nonadherence to inhaler medication based on a validated questionnaire (Test of Adherence to Inhalers; TAI) and prescription refill data in a community sample of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. Secondarily, we sought to determine the degree of concordance between these two measures. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational multicenter study in patients with asthma or COPD. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from clinical records. Refill data were retrieved from electronic pharmacy databases. Participants completed the 12-item TAI during a single visit as part of routine care. Nonadherence was defined as TAI <50 or <80% pharmacy refill rate (PRR) in the previous 6 months. Results: A total of 816 patients (mean age, 60) were included. Nonadherence rates were 58.1% (TAI) and 28.6% (PRR) compared with 64.6% for the combined data (P<.0001). Concordance between the 2 measures was weak (kappa=0.205). Conclusions: These findings confirm the GINA recommendations, indicating that concomitant use of the TAI and pharmacy refill data identifies a higher percentage of nonadherent asthma or COPD patients than either instrument alone. Plaza V, Giner J, Curto E, Alonso-Ortiz MB, Orue MI, Vega JM, et al. Assessing Adherence by Combining the Test of Adherence to Inhalers With Pharmacy Refill Records. J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol. 2021;31(1):58-64. Epub 2019 Oct 10. 1018-9068 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/19447 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/23162 31599726 10.18176/jiaci.0461 1698-0808 Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology 2-s2.0-85101757066 619850400007 L2006112631 Asthma Adherence to therapy COPD Self-reported success Patient compliance Nebulizer Assessing Adherence by Combining the Test of Adherence to Inhalers With Pharmacy Refill Records